Advancements in Nanotechnology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Progressions in Nanotechnology - Research Paper Example Both nanoscience and nanotechnology speak to practically consummate satisfaction of contemporary science for various reasons. It has ceaselessly been described as another Frontier (Barben et al, 2008), a developing field, emanant, profoundly interdisciplinary field, a transdisciplinary research front and a thorough logical field with numerous indications of protodisciplinarity (Milburn, 2004). It destroys the cutoff points among innovative work and viable application just as among science and building field, having shaped at the crossing point of a few fields in science and designing. Since the late 1990s nanotechnology has seen broad venture and consideration from corporate and legislative areas as a key part for making financial riches and settling countless cultural issues (Barben et al., 2008, p. 982). Nanotechnology and nanoscience joined endeavors of governments, adventure speculators, NGOs, and little enterprises.Bainbridge (2004) clarified that there are two altogether differ ent nanotechnology developments in presence today. One is intently attached to science, material science and materials science, situated in research establishments and attempting to make real specialized forward leaps. The other is based to a great extent in sci-fi writing, yet affects the points of view of individuals who are not researchers or specialists. Nanotechnology, as per N. Katherine Hayles (2004), has become an intense social signifier drawing in logical exploration, alongside innovative intrigue, government financing and anecdotal hypothesis. It speaks to less a hypothetical advancement but rather more a connection of recently known hypotheses, new instrumentation, disclosures of new marvels at the nano-level, and synergistic covers between disciplines that seem, by all accounts, to be meeting into another transdisciplinary research front (p.11). Nanotechnology is a moderately new field, yet over the previous decade it has as of now emphatically impacted the rearrangemen t of the disciplinary scene of science and building around the world (Schummer, 2007). It is a new field taking structure at the interstices of a few fields of science and designing (Wajcman, 2008) (p. 816). Nanostructures have been concentrated in an assortment of settings all through logical history. Colloidal arrangements, square copolymer microdomains, incorporated circuits, filtering burrowing magnifying instruments, the atomic and microstructure of steel and aluminum amalgams, and the precious stone structures of innumerable proteins and cell structures give just looks at the various nanostructures that scientific experts, physicists, materials researchers, and scholars have read for decades (Ozin and Arsenault, 2005). Over the previous decades, logical examinations have become progressively wide and including, with many exploration endeavors depending on procedures and bits of knowledge from neighboring fields to address always complex difficulties and to seek after perpetually luring chances (Foster, 2009). Therefore, another worldview of really interdisciplinary examination has developed that vows to quicken the age of information at the nanoscale, however in the whole logical undertaking. Though nanomaterials were before essentially utilized and concentrated as an unfortunate chore, presently officially particular networks of analysts have started to consider nanoscale marvels as a major aspect of a devoted examination exertion (Foster, 2009). Since nanoscience crosses such a wide scope of controls, the difficulties tended to, apparatuses utilized, and materials made are broad. It is conceivable to make general differentiations dependent on an assortment of characterizations, however two strategies

The name of the rose essays

The name of the rose expositions In the record The name of the Rose, the priests who run the Benedictine Order Abbey perceive that information can be a perilous thing. Information can be perilous in the event that it says that the fact of the matter is unique in relation to what the decision authority says is reality. At that point such information can turn out to be a piece of an upheaval in imagining that devastates what individuals as reality and an upset that demolishes the intensity of the decision authority had acknowledged. It is this contention between two unique kinds of information and two distinct perspectives that is at the focal point of the book puzzle in the film. It is the contention between the information, reality, and the thoughts that are contained in an antiquated book composed by the old Greek thinker Aristotle that has quite recently been found by the Benedictine priests and the information, reality, and the thoughts of the Christian Church that the Benedictine priests support. As Brother Will iam (Sean Connery), the priest who has come to examine the passings at the Abbey, says, such book are viewed as risky by the decision Church specialists, since they contain an astuteness that is unique in relation to our own. The medieval Christian Church perceived how much force a book could have in light of the fact that Europe was characterized by Christianity, a religion dependent on a book, the Bible. It was on account of the Church that the act of perusing and composing made due in medieval Europe. From its beginnings, religion underscored the significance of the assortment, translation and investigation of books, including attempting to consolidate the Greek and Latin Classical convention with Christian lessons. This is the reason in The Name of the rose, the scriptorium, the spot where old Greeks books are hand duplicated, has, for example, significant spot in the cloister. The scriptorium is enormous, priests workday and late evening replicating the old books, and the library wherein the books are held contain numerous floors. At the point when Brother William finds the librar... <!

Global Public Policy Network (GPPN) Conference in Singapore COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Global Public Policy Network (GPPN) Conference in Singapore COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was contributed by Kristoffer Tangri, a second-year SIPA student from Germany pursuing a MIA degree with a concentration in International Security Policy. _____________________________ Eight students from SIPA are attending the 4th GPPN Student Conference titled “Crisis as Opportunity â€" What Policies Do We Need for Sustainable Development Today?” which takes place from November 11-13 at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore. The GPPN brings together some of the worlds premier teaching and research institutions of global public policy. The wider partnership includes Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, the Hertie School of Governance, the University of Tokyo, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Sciences Po Paris. The conference takes places parallel to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation’s CEO summit that attracts world leaders, including president Obama, to Singapore. Some of the key speakers during the first day of the conference include   the Secretary General of   ASEAN, Surin Pitsuwan, the president of the Inter-American Development Bank, Luis Alberto Moreno and   the well-known academic Kishore Mahbubani. To learn more about the event, please visit the conference blog.   SIPA offers dual degree and exchange programs with the partner schools, more information can be found on our website.

10 Facts About George Washington

Political Elements Of 1984 - 870 Words

George Orwell’s book, 1984, was and still is an astonishing success. Every year this book rises to the top of the charts than falls back down until the next year comes around. Even though 1984 is a book from 1949, somehow it stays relevant in modern day society. Many people ask the question why and the answer is not as simple as you may think. 1984 has many elements in it that makes it perfect for studying in a school. The book has a big focus on government control as well as politics, uses many writing elements very well, and the book itself is relatively good. One of the most intriguing parts of the book is the politics and policies it depicts. This is because George Orwell’s 1984, depicts a dystopian society which exposes the fears and†¦show more content†¦A third intriguing part of Oceana which relates to Stalin’s Russia was the purges. Stalin had multiple purges to get rid of people who he saw as unloyal. In 1984, Oceana had a great purge which did the same thing. â€Å"The great purges involving thousands of people, with public trials of traitors and thought-criminals who made abject confession of their crimes and were afterwards executed, were special show-pieces not occurring oftener than once in a couple of years.† (Orwell). The purges are politically important because they follow the idea of Stalinism, which in short is a harsh form of socialism. Like Stalin’s Russia, Oceana was created with the help of capitalism. Capitalism is what America’s government is formed around. Since Oceana included it is not suprising that this empire started being built by capitalism. Use capitalism qoute (Book1 Chap 8)You can infer from this qoute that capitailism united people against itself while also giving the government lots and lots of wealth. People convinced the poor to overthrow capitalism and create a socialist world. The wealth made from the capitalist government would help keep this socialist power alive. This socialist word started becoming more and more stalinist and tolterianistic. Totalitarianism is brought into this society through stalinism, since stalinism is a form of totalitarianism. In the book you can see many hints leading the society toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Dystopian Literature1066 Words   |  5 Pagesreading, there is a genre that may peek interest. The dystopian genre is unique and offers readers both suspense and action with a balance between reality and fantasy. â€Å"Dystopian literature is a genre of fictional writing used to explore social and political structures in ‘a dark, nightmare world† (Questia par 1). In order to form this nightmare world, the author must send a message of warning to readers regarding the reality of their characters, often manipulating literary devices to do so. The dystopianRead MoreThe State of Ethics and Professionalism in the Field of Entrepreneurship674 Words   |  3 Pagesgrounds of moral obligation the nature and grounds of moral obligation the science of human duty. 2. The whole of the moral sciences; natural jurisprudence, including moral philosophy, international law, public or political law, civil law, and history , profane, civil, and political. 3. A particular system of principles and rules concerning duty, whether true or false; rules of concerning duty, whether true or false; rules of practice in respect to a single class of human actions; as, social ethics;Read MoreDystopia Speech1258 Words   |  6 PagesThey are; political dispute and rebellion, the stifling of freedom to express individuality and the loss of human connectedness, which is central to our need for social interaction and validation. 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Their precautions used throughout Oceania are the Thought Police and theRead MoreThe Power of Language 1984 Comparison Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthe writer of many highly regarded literary works, is extremely interested in the power of language, mainly how it is abused. By analyzing two of his works, 1984 and Politics and The English Language, it is clear that Orwell is using his writing to bring awareness to the dangers of t he manipulation, misuse, and decline of language. In 1984 he demonstrates how language can be used to control thought and manipulate the past. This is proven throughout the novel by examining the language of NewspeakRead MoreOthello : An Aristotelian Tragedy And Tragic Hero1604 Words   |  7 Pagesfor achieving the essential nature of tragedy† (Golden, 1984, p. 142). It is difficult to find works that live up to the strict rules of Aristotle due to the numerous devices needed. The most important device used by Aristotle to define a work as a tragedy can be considered the character as imitation. This is the start to what an Aristotelian tragedy truly is. â€Å"Imitation consists of a carefully controlled process that so arranges the elements of action and character as to lead us to an insight intoRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Development Framework1614 Words   |  7 Pages2003). Guest (1987), proposed that the integration of HRM practices such as selection, training, appraisal, rewards, job design, involvement and security can help achieve desirable results. This is also support by authors such as Tichy and Devanna (1984) and Pettigrew Hendry (1990). Wright McMahan (1992) have created a model which took into consideration the resource based and behavioural view of the organization. They also outlined HR competencies resulting from the thought of strategy. UlrichRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1285 Words   |  6 Pagesthe wrong people (or animals) come to power. While Stalin is no longer in power, the plot of Animal Farm contains both examples of the necessary historical lessons to be learned from communist Russia, as well as generalizations that make certain elements of the plot applicable to this day. It is Orwell’s obvious reference to history in conjunction with a plot that can be easily generalized to many situations that make Animal Farm a prime example of Orwell’s ability to produce novels that will noRead More1984: From Socialism to Dystopia1224 Words   |  5 Pages George Orwell wrote 1984 to make a political statement about Socialism (Davison 1). In this novel, the author extrapolates the socialist movements of the 1920s to the point where they control three â€Å"superstates† that make up the world. The novel follows the story of Winston Smith, who is a middle class worker in O ceania, the superstate controlled by The Party. He is a non-conformist, who disagrees with the ideals and the actions of The Party, and decides to take action against it. The Party is theRead MoreGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell1514 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell George Orwells dystopian (a fictional place where people lead dehumanized and fearful lives) vision of the year 1984, as depicted in what many consider to be his greatest novel, has entered the collective consciousness of the English-speaking world more completely than perhaps any other political text, whether fiction or nonfiction. No matter how far our contemporary world may seem from 1984s Oceania, any suggestion of government surveillance

World War 1 as a Total War Free Essays

In what ways can the First World War be seen as a Total War Total war is defined as the organisation of entire societies for war, using all Its economic, military and human resources to aim for complete victory. In addition there is less differentiation between combatants and civilians than In conventional warfare; civilians were affected as deliberate targets of war In their own right. It can be argued that the government of the Involved countries focused the economy on the war effort which in turn had an Impact on everyday life. We will write a custom essay sample on World War 1 as a Total War or any similar topic only for you Order Now The countries tried to make the maximum use out of their human and economic resources, which leaded to a entralization of power In hands of the government. The government started to control their countries In different aspects. Conscrlptlon was Introduced to control manpower better. Conscription Is defined by the compulsory enlistment In some kind of national service. In this case It was military service. In the united Kingdom, for example, it was introduced in 1916. In addition, governments started to exercise more control over industry, which leaded to nationalizing key industries like coal mining and shipping. They also had to control inflation, so that wages and prices were regulated. In order to pay for the war various countries increased taxes. Britain, for example, increased direct taxation. The governments also started to adopt tariffs on certain imported goods. The countries also borrowed money from other countries and also from their own people, what was done through ‘war loans’ . ‘War loans’ were credits issued by the population of a country to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war, which the government would pay back with interests after the war ends. We can highlight that propaganda also made World War One a total war. After a big amount of time fighting some persons lose their otivation to fight a war and therefore they stop supporting their country. Propaganda was used to solve that problem by the governments. With propaganda the countries usually wanted to recruit new soldiers, motivate the population to support their country with work and money and to set on their population against the enemy. A poster made by the allies shows three anxious kids near by a shadow of a swastika and says: ‘Dont let the shadow touch them†¦ uy war bonds’. That poster was used to make the population hate Germany and to use that hate to make them support their country with money. Propaganda was an Important part of the war and Britain even created a Ministry of Information which made propaganda a key element of Its war policy. One of the points that make the First World War a total war Is the affect the war had on the life of civil ians. The clvlllans were affected by military action and due to the new technology available there were many casualties. On the Eastern Front, due to the movement, clvlllans were Involved In violence, accidentally and deliberately. The Jews, for example, were attacked deliberately by the Russians. On the Western Front the civilians were able to keep away from the fighting, so that casualties were reduced to Inaccurate artillery fire. The First World War Is also the war that caused most casualties on civilians until that moment, due to military action or Oue to Tamlne, Olsease or accidents. A clvlllans oleo on Dotn sloes In total due to military action. The most shocking fact is that about 6,000,000 civilians died because of other reasons that were caused by the war and the life circumstances. As a result of the military casualties, in some countries conscription was introduced. Due to conscription a lot of men left their work and Joined the army. As a consequence a lot of pursuits weren’t satisfied, like for example nutrition as a consequence of a lack to farmers. In addition both sides started to cut off supplies to their enemies. They tried to disrupt trade routes and to intercept the food and raw materials supplies. Germany used submarines to create shortages which affected British civilians. As a result, the average calorie input of an adult civilian from the involved countries dropped from about 1500 in 1915 to 1000 in the winter of 1916-1917. In addition, due to the rapid growth of industry and men Joining the army and leaving their workplace, a lot of woman Joined the workforce. In spite of all to employ a woman was not the first choice of the employees. Women had to deal with isadvantages. One of them was the differentiation in wages compared with male workers. The wages of women remained low, despite their work increased. By 1917, one in four war workers was female. That shows how big the role women had in World War One was. In addition women had to deal with agreements made to let them work in ‘men’s Jobs’, as for example that these arrangements would Just be temporarily. By 1918 Woman formed 55% in Germany and in other countries the number of workers increased dramatically, for example in Russia, with 20%, and in Austria-Hungary with 25%. All of the involved countries had ‘total’ aims and they ere reluctant to give them up. Germany ‘s war aims were to expand their territory and to increase their economic strength to ensure security for Germany in west and in east ‘for all imaginable time’. As a consequence negotiated peace was difficult to achieve. Propaganda also made the peace difficult to achieve because it Justified the war and demonized the enemy. However, there were some tries to make peace by important persons. Some of them were the Pope Benedict XV and Lenin. They tried to develop peace without taking any personal benefits out of it. They principally called for a peace without annexations or financial demands. The affected countries, on the contrary, tried to make the maximum profit out of peace treaties. The First World War also affected the civil population of the involved countries and not only the soldiers. The on war effort focused economy led to changes in the life of the civilians what is basically what makes a war a ‘total war’. In the points above it is made clear that World War One was a ‘total war’ because of the effect the war had on civilians and their lives, the growth of power of the government and how it was used to take advantages in war out of it and the attitude of the countries towards the implementation of their aims. How to cite World War 1 as a Total War, Essays

Corporate Social Responsibility Banyan Tree Holdings Essay Sample free essay sample

In today’s concern environment. a firm’s endurance is dependent on how it responds to its stakeholders ; CSR is a manner that response is communicated. This paper explores whether CSR is necessary for the endurance of Banyan Tree in today’s environment. We will measure the possible ways that CSR benefits the company and show that CSR is non necessary for Banyan Tree’s endurance but it does play a strategic function in constructing trade name equity along with a sustainable concern. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) There are multiple readings of what CSR means. and while there is no set rule. we have defined CSR as the responsibility of a corporation to make wealth in ways that avoid injury to. protect. or heighten social assets for the intents of treatment. Predominating attacks to CSR were disconnected from scheme such that it obscured many chances for companies to profit society. The mentality of CSR has changed since and modern concern organisations have started to integrate CSR. both internally and externally into their operations. taking to accomplish sustainable concern development. This development arose due to increasing governmental ordinances and social outlooks sing the operation of companies. therefore making a divergency in concern public presentation and outlooks. CSR facilitates concerns in contracting their performance-expectation spread. In the modern concern environment. companies do non merely vie on monetary value and quality of service. they need to be cognizant that stakeholders are progressively spoting of how a house handles environmental and societal issues. Taking into consideration the performance-expectation spread. houses aim to explicate their CSR initiatives to run into stakeholders’ outlooks. Typically. CSR is viewed as a cost to the company. but it can besides be a beginning of chance and competitory advantage that is indispensable for the company’s success in today’s progressively competitory industry. Survival refers to the province of go oning to be. while sustainable development refers to development that meets the demands of the present without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands. CSR is the application of sustainable development to the activities and attach toing duties of concerns. CSR ModelFigure1. CSR Model This CSR theoretical account will be the model used to measure Banyan Tree’s CSR initiatives. It is based on 3 wide facets of Environment. Society and Economy. The economic facet is attributable to the apprehension of the direct touchable impact on the company and its relevant stakeholders. The societal facet mostly refers to the social impacts the company’s enterprises have on their employees and the community. The environmental facet is to analyze the impacts of CSR on the natural environment Efficaciously overlapping the three facets will guarantee the accomplishment of sustainable concern development through CSR. Banyan Tree and CSR Banyan Tree Holdings ( BT ) was started in the 1980s after the laminitiss Ho Kwon Ping and Claire Chiang took over Bang Tao Bay. an derelict Sn mine. and transformed a extremely contaminated site into a wildlife oasis. Mr. Ho believes that the more flush public have a duty to utilize the agencies available to them to lend to the economic development and improvement of people’s supports in topographic points that need betterment. BT was founded with the nucleus value of driving sustainable development ; their strong belief in sustainable development and committedness to CSR is tangible as it continues to accomplish extended success in the cordial reception industry. This value rests on a ternary bottom line of economic system. society and the environment. Mr. Ho attributes BT’s success to strategic trade name edifice. dexterously executed with CSR. BT purposes to accomplish success in concern that is grounded in good direction patterns every bit good as excellence in corporate duty. BT is greatly influenced by its founders’ vision of a successful corporation that creates meaningful benefits for society. Changing in their natures and grades of influence. BT is cognizant of their assorted stakeholders concerns and addresses them consequently. Banyan Tree Holdings has been a publically listed company since 2006. Their concern theoretical account includes hotel investing. hotel direction. spa operations. gallery operations. hotel abodes. belongings gross revenues. design and other services. and existent estate cordial reception financess. For the intent of treatment. this paper will concentrate specifically on BT’s resorts in the Maldives. and their two chief CSR enterprises – Embracing the Environment and Empowering People. We will analyse BT’s CSR attack to concern. a possible beginning of its border. how it might impact its endurance and guaranting sustainable development in today’s environment. CSR Initiative 1: Embracing the Environment Overview Over the last decennary. the impression of eco-tourism has swept the Earth ; flush travelers are progressively demanding a green experience with 74. 5 % stating that a hotels environmental policies influence their determination to remain at that place. Adopting environmentally friendly attacks to CSR keeps BT competitory as they deal with increasing operating costs. BT has besides established its purpose in guaranting environmental sustainability. The farness of the Maldivian resort besides means there are recognizable resource restraints that Embracing the Environment can relieve. Some enterprises that BT has undertaken are the frequent coral clean ups. turtle protection attempts. rigorous waste disposal methods. and their group-wide enterprise. Greening Communities. Analysis In 2007. Banyan Tree launched a group broad attempt to supervise and consistently cut down the C emanations from its resorts. Much of their attempts is internally focused. and has led to cut down energy and H2O ingestion by each resort and enhanced waste direction patterns. BT has ensured the wellness and safety of workers who live and work on the Maldivian resort by using rigorous waste disposal methods every bit good as curtailing the usage of chemical merchandises for cleansing. This ensures that resort employees are non subjected to taint of their imbibing H2O and life environment. While there may be some cost nest eggs in relation to the lower energy and H2O ingestion. it is non important adequate to state that this benefits BT’s underside line. We feel that these enterprises do non give BT a distinguishable competitory advantage over their rivals in the Maldives as resorts in the luxury market section compete based on invitee experience and client trueness. We do observe that CSR may hold other effects in keeping the repose and clean environment of the resort every bit good as other wellness related effects on invitees and employees. Furthermore. committedness from employees has a direct correlativity to a company’s position on corporate citizenship. albeit a alone and little part to overall occupation satisfaction. BT has acted on their belief of environmental duty through Community Clean Up Days. BT’s associates conduct beach and habitat clean ups to guarantee the natural environment is preserved in its most pristine status. Via the Greening Communities plan. locals and invitees are invited to works two 1000 trees at each resort yearly. Through such enterprises. BT hopes to make out to the community to leave the importance of environmental consciousness and the jeopardies of environmental devastation. Admiting the impact of constructing a resort in an country with a finely balanced biodiversity that can be disrupted through improper development. BT has engaged a squad of Marine life scientists to analyze marine life and work on reef-building undertakings such as the Necklace and Barnacle undertakings at Angsana Ihuru. a BT resort on Maldives and at their Maldives Marine Conservation Lab. Similar to Greening Communities. the abovementioned enterprises may so fancify the surrounding environment and assistance in the development and preservation of marine life but they do non profit BT’s net incomes straight. In fact the most immediate donees are the frogmans who are able to appreciate the marine life underwater. Evaluation Embracing the Environment is BT’s manner of showing its Corporate Citizenship doctrine with respects to the environment. These attempts benefit the economic system. society and the environment. but we are dubious if they can help in the endurance of the house in a meaningful manner. These enterprises affect the environment straight by maintaining it clean every bit good as to better on its current province. Society is better off by holding less contaminated Waterss and an consciousness of the importance the environment holds for their economic system. By leting invitees to take part in their turtle undertakings. where babe polo-necks are released into the wild after hatching. BT enhances the invitee experience and strategically purchases on CSR to impact bottom line and client trueness. We suggest that BT can farther deduce economic value from the effects of its CSR by integrating enterprises. such as coral clean ups. into scuba diving classs and submerged Tourss to its bevy of invitee services. However. it is of import to observe that pecuniary nest eggs from increased operational efficiencies does non lend significantly to bottom line. CSR develops societal value for BT as it enables a closer relationship with the community. nevertheless its consequence on survivability is non readily seen. On a deeper analysis. one could detect that the trees do so fancify the environment of the resort but its impact is improbable to be important in a manner that travelers are drawn to them over rivals. BT’s enterprises are geared towards making an informal societal contract with the community and guaranting sustainability in footings of pulling and retaining employees. In decision. although this CSR attempt is straight in line with BT’s nucleus doctrines. it does non supply touchable benefits for the house. While non indispensable to the endurance of the company. it is indispensable for the sustainable development of the house as it maintains the environment for future coevalss. However. if BT is able to strategically integrate these enterprises into their operations. there might be greater economic benefits. switching from a sustainable natural and reinforced environment theoretical account to a sustainable concern theoretical account. Figure 2. CSR Model for Embracing the Environment CSR Initiative 2: Empowering Peoples Overview An economic expert and a sociologist severally. the laminitiss of BT. Ho Kwon Ping and Claire Chiang. seek to be an agent of societal and economic development through responsible touristry. This subdivision of CSR is seen to be in line with BT’s ternary bottom line of economic system. society. and environment and is grounded in their initiation values of making long-run value for multiple stakeholders. Lending to the authorization of people has been an digesting cause of BT. guaranting that people who require the most help have it. Acknowledging the demand in the community. BT has initiated assorted steps such as their Banyan Tree Galleries and Seedlings undertakings among others. Analysis Incorporated in 1994. the Banyan Tree Gallery ( BTG ) is a retail arm of BT that is committed to back uping autochthonal prowess supports of small town craftsmans. Based on the vision of continuing and advancing traditional trade accomplishments from the local communities. BTG provides a planetary selling platform and gross revenues web for locals to sell their handcrafts. conserving the community heritage and sustaining support through paid employment. This CSR is alone as BTG is a for-profit endeavor that is besides able to accomplish societal ends. Its lending gross in 2007 was S $ 10. 7 million. While that is a important sum. it is to be noted that most of the Gallery’s gross revenues are a consequence of increased hotel tenancy and higher dealing volumes. Therefore. we infer that gross revenues are finally dependent on BT’s ability to pull in tourers who are able and willing to pass. Though this inaugural benefits the community and Banyan Tree financially. it would be assumptive to claim that it is necessary for endurance. BT’s chief draw will still be its alone invitee experience. In add-on. we question whether BT remunerates these craftsmans equitably as they could be working the labour of the locals by paying low rewards and blow uping the monetary values of their merchandises through cause selling to accomplish such consequences. In 2007. BT launched the group broad enterprise. Seedlings. It adopts a holistic attack for fostering immature people at hazard of social exclusion by supplying them with the motive and agencies for finishing their instruction. and thenceforth successfully come ining the labour force. BT views Seedlings as a manner of supplying fiscal and societal development. It is of import to observe that with merely 55 mentees and 13 take parting hotels as of 2011. there is small impact on turnover and moreover. bottom line. Although a respectable enterprise that contributes towards BT’s trade name image as a responsible concern. Seedlings is limited in range and range. We view this CSR as a strategic inaugural BT uses to advance its image of being socially witting. Evaluation This scope of CSR enterprises are in line with BT’s CSR vision of driving sustainable development in the Maldives. BTG and Seedlings benefits BT’s net incomes and society in meaningful ways. However they are limited in range towards environmental impact. BTG’s part to BT’s gross is non indispensable for their endurance as the grosss from the Gallery gross revenues do non significantly affect their overall net income. BT’s core beginning of gross would still be its hotel investings. Though it is a strategic enterprise. it has minimum impact on BT’s operations and it contributes more in footings of hiking its repute as a responsible concern. We perceive that BTG uses signifiers of cause selling to increase their trade name value every bit good as to make out to the socially witting. These attempts may bring forth some signifier of intangible benefits for BT. Lending to the community by supplying employment and educational chances. could assist increase BT’s trade name value and perchance beef uping consumer trueness Furthermore. implementing CSR enterprises may besides assist to pull and retain employees as the repute of employers is going important in this modern universe. In decision. BT has recognized that it can assist the community environing the resorts and have undertaken several enterprises in this country in hopes of helping the community at big. CSR enterprises are non merely about philanthropic gift but interpreting these thoughts into practical concern schemes. BTG is so model of this doctrine. However. the acceptance of such enterprises is besides in hopes of run intoing the demands of stakeholders and in portion. impacting bottom line. Nevertheless. BT’s part to the society and economic system is of import in its strive for sustainable concern development. Figure 3. CSR Model for Empowering Peoples Restrictions For this study. we have limited our analysis of BT’s CSR initiatives to the hotel direction division and gallery operations. specifically CSR in the Maldives. While an in deepness research and analysis of all of BT’s CSR enterprises could hold given us a more holistic position of its public presentation. we could non make so due to infinite restraints. Despite carry oning an interview with the Coordinating Director of CSR for Banyan Tree Global Foundation. there still lies a job with imperfect information. The representative could hold withheld certain information in order to advance his sentiment of how BT’s CSR is received in the community. Second. we could non efficaciously quantify the intangible benefits that BT may acquire with the project of their CSR enterprises. As such. we have limited range in the impact towards stakeholders. Decision Given the positive responses from BT’s assorted stakeholders. BT has so put in much idea in implanting CSR into their resort operations. Incorporation of CSR enhances BT’s sustainability but presently has limited impact on endurance at nowadays. BT’s prevailing attacks are aligned with its CSR vision. but there is room for betterment. Greening Communities can be bettered by implementing a system to followup on participants. This system will supply them extra ways to protect the environment. guaranting that it will be a sustainable attempt and non a one-off activity. At present. CSR is non indispensable for BT’s endurance since it has limited impact on the basic map of the concern. Traveling frontward. BT should farther weave CSR into corporate scheme as we find CSR is non merely a craze but is to be taken earnestly by concerns. Making more holistic CSR patterns that aid in the sustainability of the company will enable BT to react more efficaciously to unexpected challenges and chances. giving them a farther border over their rivals. Additionally. this besides aids in contracting the performance-expectation spread. We do observe that BT’s CSR enterprises are a factor in their trade name creative activity scheme. Having a strong trade name in western consumer markets can be a important competitory border and would help in their endurance over the long tally. Our group feels that BT have taken a immense measure in run intoing stakeholders’ involvement by collaborating with other rivals by prosecuting in CSR enterprises and new undertakings. Having a separate entity for CSR helps to get the better of the barriers in working with other companies. This is a make bolding enterprise and it is perchance the hereafter of CSR. It besides has huge part to BT’s stigmatization as a responsible concern non merely with their stakeholders. but besides its rivals. In the concluding analysis. sustainability issues are altering daily and companies need to set with the unstable nature of the market in order to last. BT has already built a strong trade name to guarantee sustainability ; it now needs to integrate touchable economic benefits to the house to guarantee survivability. As the CSR theoretical account suggests. the convergence of economic. societal and environment will enable BT to accomplish sustainable development and guarantee their survivability in the hereafter. Ending off with a quotation mark by a concern led think-tank ‘Tomorrow’s Company’ . â€Å"The function of modern concern: To supply of all time better goods and services in a manner that is profitable. ethical and respects the environment. persons and the communities in which it operates. † This leads us to see the modern concern as one that engages its stakeholders meaningfully and collaborates with authorities and society in accomplishing sustaina ble concern development.

Biography of Benjamin Banneker, Author and Naturalist

Biography of Benjamin Banneker, Author and Naturalist Benjamin Banneker (November 9, 1731–October 9, 1806) was a self-educated scientist, astronomer, inventor, writer, and antislavery publicist. He built a striking clock entirely from wood, published a farmers almanac, and actively campaigned against slavery. He was one of the first African Americans to gain distinction for achievements in science. Fast Facts: Benjamin Banneker Known For: Banneker was a writer, inventor, and naturalist who published a series of farmers almanacs in the late 1700s.Born: November 9, 1731 in Baltimore County, MarylandParents: Robert and Mary BannekyDied: October 9, 1806 in Oella, MarylandPublished Works: Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia Almanack and Ephemeris, for the Year of our Lord, 1792Notable Quote: â€Å"The color of the skin is in no way connected with strength of the mind or intellectual powers.† Early Life Benjamin Banneker was born on November 9, 1731, in Baltimore County, Maryland. Although he was born a free man, he was the descendant of slaves. At that time, the law dictated that if your mother was a slave then you were a slave, and if she was a free woman then you were a free person. Bannekers grandmother Molly Walsh was a bi-racial English immigrant and an indentured servant who married an African slave named Banna Ka, who had been brought to the Colonies by a slave trader. Molly had served seven years as an indentured servant before she acquired and worked on her own small farm. Molly Walsh purchased her future husband Banna Ka and another African to work on her farm. The name Banna Ka was later changed to Bannaky and then changed to Banneker. Benjamins mother Mary Banneker was born free. Benjamins father Rodger was a former slave who had bought his own freedom before marrying Mary. Education Banneker was educated by Quakers, but most of his education was self-taught. He quickly revealed to the world his inventive nature and first achieved national acclaim for his scientific work in the 1791 survey of the Federal Territory (now Washington, D.C.). In 1753, he built one of the first watches made in America, a wooden pocket watch. Twenty years later, Banneker began making astronomical calculations that enabled him to successfully forecast a 1789 solar eclipse. His estimate, made well in advance of the celestial event, contradicted predictions of better-known mathematicians and astronomers. Bannekers mechanical and mathematical abilities impressed many, including Thomas Jefferson, who encountered Banneker after George Elliot had recommended him for the surveying team that laid out Washington, D.C. Almanacs Banneker is best known for his six annual farmers almanacs, which he published between 1792 and 1797. In his free time, Banneker began compiling the Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia Almanac and Ephemeris. The almanacs included information on medicines and medical treatment and listed tides, astronomical information, and eclipses, all calculated by Banneker himself. Many historians believe that the first printed almanac dates to 1457 and was printed by Gutenberg in Mentz, Germany. Benjamin Franklin published his Poor Richards Almanacs in America from 1732 to 1758. Franklin used the assumed name of Richard Saunders and wrote witty maxims in his almanacs such as Light purse, heavy heart and Hunger never saw bad bread. Bannekers almanacs, though they appeared later, were more focused on delivering accurate information than on communicating Bannekers personal views. Letter to Thomas Jefferson On August 19, 1791, Banneker sent a copy of his first almanac to Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson. In an enclosed letter, he questioned the slaveholders sincerity as a friend to liberty. He urged Jefferson to help get rid of absurd and false ideas that one race is superior to another. Banneker wished Jeffersons sentiments to be the same as his, that one Universal Father...afforded us all the same sensations and endowed us all with the same faculties. Jefferson responded with praise for Bannekers accomplishments: I thank you sincerely for your letter of the 19th and for the Almanac it contained. No body wishes more than I do to see such proofs as you exhibit, that nature has given to our black brethren, talents equal to those of the other colours of men, that the appearance of a want of them is owing merely to the degraded condition of their existence both in Africa America...I have taken the liberty of sending your almanac to Monsieur de Condorcet, Secretary of the Academy of sciences at Paris, and member of the Philanthropic society because I considered it as a document to which your whole colour had a right for their justification against the doubts which have been entertained of them. Jefferson later sent a letter to the Marquis de Condorcet informing him about Banneker- a very respectable mathematician- and his work with Andrew Ellicott, the surveyor who marked the boundaries of the Territory of Columbia (later the District of Columbia). Death Declining almanac sales eventually forced Banneker to give up his work. He died at home on October 9, 1806, at the age of 74. Banneker was buried at Mount Gilboa  African Methodist Episcopal Church  in  Oella, Maryland. Legacy Bannekers life became the source of legend after his death, with many attributing certain accomplishments to him for which there is little or no evidence in the historical record. His inventions and almanacs inspired later generations, and in 1980 the U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp in his honor as part of the Black Heritage series. In 1996, a number of Bannekers personal belongings were auctioned, and some of them were later loaned to the Benjamin Banneker Historical Park and Museum. Some of Bannekers personal manuscripts, including the only journal  that survived the 1806 fire that destroyed his home, are in the possession of the Maryland Historical Society. Sources Cerami, Charles A.  Benjamin Banneker Surveyor, Astronomer, Publisher, Patriot. John Wiley, 2002.Miller, John Chester.  The Wolf by the Ears: Thomas Jefferson and Slavery. University Press of Virginia, 1995.Weatherly, Myra.  Benjamin Banneker: American Scientific Pioneer. Compass Point Books, 2006.

women journalizm essays

women journalizm essays Journalism has been a profession which attracted women since the turn of the 20th Century. It is a profession in which women fought long and hard for their voices to be heard, their status to be respected and their lives to be improved. During this time, different laws, regulations and policies affected the women in journalism. It was also during this time that the womens liberation movement emerged and began using journalism as its mouthpiece. Each of the women discussed throughout this paper lived and worked in different stages of Egyptian development. Each stage had an impact on the womens lives and their work. Throughout this essay the lives of Nawal el Saadawy, Amina el Said and Inji Rushdi will be examined. Each of these women had a significant impact on journalism and in turn, journalism had an impact on their own lives. The womens liberation movement was considered revolutionary in many ways. It came during a time were women were locked up at home, veiled and uneducated. One of the founders of womens rights in Egypt was Qassim Amin. In his two books, the Emancipation of Women and The New Women, Amin sought to form an interpretation of Islamic doctrine which would meet the needs of women without departing from the general principles of sharia . Amin believed that the solution to a Muslim womans problems was education. He felt that women needed to be educated in order to be respected and be capable of reasoning. Most women in Egypt at that time had no formal education and this idea of introducing education for girls was quite foreign for many. He explained that through education, women would be introduced to society where their intellectual and physical capabilities would be of benefit to the society as a whole . Thus, the introduction of women would turn them into producers within society and not j ust consumers living like parasites . Amin was opposed by both men and women for his revol...

Contracts Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contracts Law - Essay Example If this happens, it implies that the contact is executed. However, this is not usually the case. Many are times when one of the parties to contract does not fully commit themselves to the ultimate execution of the contract, prompting the other party to do away with it. In essence, such a contract becomes voidable. Moreover, the failure by one of the parties to the execution of a contact breaches it. In this regards, any contract, whose terms have been infringed by either of the parties, is eligible for legal settlement. Thus, courts are mandated to settle contract disputes. In so doing, the court may impose various remedies. Such remedies include but are not inclined to: cancelling the contact, specific performance, punishments as well as damages of various forms. There exist a profusion of cases where courts have settled contact disputes. To begin with, a celebrity artiste named Bruno Mars (whose real name is Peter Hernandez) sought a court intervention in a contract dispute with his publishing company. In this case, the publishing company had declined to let go of Mars on the grounds that he had not yet fully executed the terms of their contract. The next case involves Garland Coal who entered into a contract with Peevyhouse, allowing them to mine coal on Peevyhouse’s land with the agreement that they would restore it on the completion of the mining activities. On the contrary, Garland Coal left the land without rejuvenating it as agreed. This prompted Peevyhouse to sue Garland seeking damages of $25,000. Instead, the jury granted $5,000 to Peevyhouse instigating Garland to appeal in turn. From the holding and the ultimate ruling if the case, it is apparent that, as much courts are obliged to solve disputes arising from failure to fully execute a contract, they are bound to enforce the contract exclusively as it is. That is to say, the law has no intention to ameliorate a contract in any way. The enforcement of the

Congress, the bulk of work on legislation consists of what members do Essay

Congress, the bulk of work on legislation consists of what members do in committees - Essay Example Similar to the Senate, Congress has four major categories of committees; standing, conference, select, and joint committees. Standing committees are the most important as they deal with the vast majority of legislative concerns. Within each standing committee are sub-committees tasked with the responsibility of dealing with specific areas of a legislative issue; for example, the Ways and Means committee. Contrastingly, conference committees specifically deal with Bills, and comprise of members from both the Senate and Congress. By reconciling differences of members in the committee, conference committees are able to form a single Bill, which can then be forwarded to the President for his assent. Select committees are short-term in nature and are formed to deal with a specific issue when it arises; for example, Intelligence committee. Finally, joint committees resemble conference committees in structure; however, they are need-based; formed to address specific issues; for example, joi nt committee on taxation (Independence Hall Association). Committees wield a great deal of influence in the US legislature; as such, the majority party chooses the Chairman of each committee in the US Congress. However, it is important to note that all committees comprise of members from all political parties with representatives in the Congress. There is no specified criterion used by committees to choose its members; however, legislators earn their place based on political favors earned due to loyalty, power and seniority in the Congress. Due to this, legislators in Congress are always cautious of their dealings with each other, as they are aware failure to do so would cost them favorable committee assignments. The number of members serving in the various committees varies. Besides the Chairman, the Ranking Member also holds a high status in the committee. This position is reserved for the senior most member of the minority

Role Of Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay

Role Of Quantity Surveyor Construction Essay Introduction The name quantity surveyor conjures up a variety of different images in peoples imaginations. For some, the term quantity surveyor is an outmoded title from the past. It certainly no longer accurately describes the duties that are performed. When the term was first applied to the profession, the work of the Q.S. was vastly different to that now being carried out and anticipated in the twenty-first century. A Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a professional which is essentially construction accountant who manages the financial costs and contracts within construction industry. A Quantity Surveyor is involved in four main areas of work in construction industry which are building work such as residential housing and industrial developments, building engineering services such as lift services and others where prime cost sums are to be included in the bills of quantities, civil engineering such as infrastructure construction projects, and heavy and industrial engineering such as onshore and offshore oil and gas and petrol-chemicals. (Yeaw, 2008) Quantity surveyors deal with a wide variety of people including clients, architects, design engineers, construction managers, engineers, planners, estimators, supplier, lawyers and buyers. As building work increased in volume and complexity, there are a lot of sectors recognised the advantage of employing and independent quantity surveyor to prepare an accurate bill of quantities, and measure and value any variation during the progress of work. (Seeley, 1997) Today, quantity surveyors are also being appointed as a project manager to take control of the project from inception to completion and to coordinate the work of the design team and the main contractor and subcontractor. (Seeley, 1997) They can find employment in various areas such as property surveys for hidden defects on behalf of potential purchasers, running estates, valuing the mineral deposits for mining companies, selling property and even Leasehold Reform Act work. The roles of Quantity Surveyor will vary depending on his role either within the clients consultant or the contractor. Role of Private or Public Quantity Surveyor The Quantity Surveyor who works in private or public sector is an important member of the design team. The role of QS includes: Preliminary Cost Advise The QS is an expert in cost appraisal. He/She gives practical advice on the likely cost of the scheme from the inception of a new project. Besides that, he also advises on the comparative costs of alternative layouts, materials, components and methods of construction. Cost Planning during the design stage The QS will prepare a realistic budget and a cost plan showing the distribution of cost for each element once the employers brief is done. (Seeley, 1997) Cost planning during the design stage of the project is to ensure the client obtain the best possible value of his money including added value to his property asset, preferably having regard to total costs using life cycle costing technique so that the costs are distributed in the most realistic way and the contract sum is kept within the clients budget. Approximate estimate of the initial costs of building are prepared using feasibility or conceptual estimating which are single price methods of estimating. (Seeley and Winfield, 1999) When the budget and cost plan were acceptable to the client then the design was developed by the architect. Procurement Advice The QS in design team has a duty to advice the client on the most appropriate form of building procurement based on the type of project, quality of building, speed of construction, apportionment of risk and price certainty. (Seeley and Winfield, 1999) There are numbers of procurement methods using in United Kingdom. For example, traditional method is to negotiate tenders with a single contractor and design and build method is where the contractor undertakes the whole task of design and construction. (Seeley, 1997) Documents Preparation (Tender and Bills of Quantities) The QS will need to prepare tender document in the tendering stage and Bill of Quantities is a part of tender document. Measurement and quantification are required to provide a complete Bill of Quantities. (BQ) BQ translates the drawings, schedules and specification notes produced by designers into a document listing in detail all the components parts required for the project to enable all contractors to calculate his tender prices in same quantities. (Seeley, 1997) Selection of Contractor The QS provides frank, sound and practical advice on contractor selection. QS will based on the industrial relations record, past performance in meeting standard, time target and the quality of management and then make recommendations to the employer on the make up of the selection list. (Seeley, 1997) Negotiation During tendering, the private or public QS will evaluation of tenders and negotiate rates with contractors. Sometimes, QS will choose two of the best contractors and ask them price for the project again with discount rates. Valuing work The contractor is paid monthly in most construction contracts. QS will value the work carried out each month based on the report of Clerk of Works and contractors QS and then making recommendations as to payment to be made to the contractor including advising on the financial effect of variation or receipt of instructions from the architect. (Seeley, 1997) Settlement of contractual claim QS will prepare interim certificate to contractor every month based on the negotiate accepted claims with the contractors QS. Financial Statement A QS prepares financial statement to employer during the construction period and advice the employer on anticipated liability for payment, giving dates and amounts. Preparation of Final Account At the completion of the contract works, QS will need to prepare the final account for the whole project and agree details and totals with the contractors Quantity Surveyor. Role of Contractors Quantity Surveyor The Quantity Surveyors work in contractors firm and is an important member of the construction team. The duties of QS will vary according to the size of the firm. For smaller firms, the roles are tending to be more very wide in scope. However, the roles are tending to be more specified for large firms. (Seeley and Winfield, 1999)It includes: Preparation of Bills of Quantities Commencing of a project, contractors QS will need to prepare BQ with accurate measurement and estimating and then insert prices into the tender document which is provided by private or public QS. There are two types of contract document which are lump sum contract and BQ contract. Lump sum contract is the contract document comprises a BQ without quantities. So, the QS will need to do his own measurement based on the drawings and then come out with accurate quantities. BQ contract means the contract document comprise BQ with quantities. So, the QS just need to do pricing for those documents. Cost Planning during the construction stage Seeley (1997, pg63) wrote that Cost planning is a specialist technique used by the quantity surveyor. It is used to help all the members of construction team to keep works within the budget. Once a realistic estimate is agreed and everything follow in accordance with it, effective cost planning will help to ensure over-budget will not occur in the project from the successful contractors tender to final project cost. Constant monitoring of the cost planning will decrease the risk of overspending at an early stage and prompt corrective action can be taken. Cost planning improves the better value of money. The contractors QS will aim to secure maximum payment for the work done at the earliest possible time to avoid any possible cash flow problems. (Seeley, 1997) He will prepare cost plans that list down all the expenses right through to the projects completion. Negotiation Contractors QS is responsible to control the construction cost during construction stage. To improve the better value of money and maintain the quality of the building, he will negotiate the material price, machinery cost and labour cost with the supplier and come out with a most reasonable price and quality report. Sometimes, he also needs to negotiate with the clients QS for the variation order and payment issue. Comparison of cost QS will need to collect information about the cost of various operations in order to give a better value of money and provide information for the contractor to prepare future estimates. He will do the comparison of the cost of alternative methods of carrying out various operations so that the most economical procedure can be adopted. (Seeley, 1997) Documents Preparation (Sub-contract and meeting report) Preparation of the BQ for the sub-contract is done by contractors QS when some of works are substituted to another specialist. QS will prepare a lump sum contract or BQ contract base on the scope of work of the sub-contractor. In the sub-contract, QS will state the contract sum, commencing date, completion date, scope of work and etc. Besides that, QS also need to prepare site meeting report before the site meeting. He will receive a letter which state the date of site meeting one week before the meeting. The frequency of site meeting is depended on the architect. Normally, it is twice a month. The meeting report includes the project brief, contract information, document register, quality report, work progress chart and progress photos. Making application to the architect or engineer for variation order The QS requires assessing the cost of alternative designs of temporary works and other operations in order to prepare cost and value reconciliations for internal purposes and to forecast trends. He also makes application to the architect for variation orders if drawings or site instructions vary the work and the agreeing the value of variations with clients QS. (Seeley, 1997) Interim valuation and payments QS will prepare interim costing to clients QS so that the contractor can ascertain of his financial position and make appropriate action taken when necessary. (Seeley, 1997) Contractors QS is responsible for looking after the financial interest of the contractor and work in conjunction with private practice on the preparation of interim payments. (Ashworth and Hogg, 2007) Final account preparation QS will assembling data for the final account from the start of the contract to ensure that it will be completed in all its aspects and to give the contractor his proper entitlement under the contract. (Seeley, 1997) Other roles of Quantity Surveyor Ashworth and Hogg (2007, pg9) write In response to the potential demise of bills of quantities, quantity surveyors began exploring new potential roles for their services. The evolved roles of Quantity Surveyor are: Whole life costing The meaning of whole life costing is defined by the Ashworth and Hogg who refer to the Construction Best Practice Programme 1998 (2007, pg146) write that the systematic consideration of all relevant costs and revenues associated with the acquisition and ownership of an asset. All the costs associated with various options for a project are added together to represent a total cost. Future costs are discounted to a present day value. The QS provides the whole life costing to the clients based on the initial cost such as design and construction costs and future cost such as rental and maintenance cost to give an emphasis on a whole or total cost approach undertaken during the acquisition of a capital cost project or asset rather than merely concentrating on the initial capital costs alone. (Ashworth and Hogg, 2007) Value Management Value management is a specialist area. It is important to the success of projects in providing the foundation for improving value for money in construction. Clients are generally wanted higher quality buildings at lower prices and which were produced more quickly. QS involves in value management will examine a strategic problem that a company may face before the decision to build a building. He also uses the value management knowledge to obtain a reduction in construction costs. (Ashworth and Hogg, 2007) Risk Analysis Nowadays, most of the dedicated project manager has a quantity surveying background. Amongst all client advisors, QS is the most suited and motivated toward the management of risk. Sometimes, risk may affect an estimate. So, the QS will need to assess the probability and extent of the effect. The QS evolved the risk analysis to control the occurrence and impact of risk factors and provides clients with better information upon which to make decision. (Ashworth and Hogg, 2007) Expert witness The QS also can become an arbitrator nowadays. He often called upon to act as expert witness in respect of a wide variety of building disputes due to he has the knowledge of the building contract. As an expert witness, the QS need to produce a proof of evidence covering all his intended evidence. (Seeley, 1997) Conclusion The traditional roles of Quantity Surveyor can be classified into private or public Quantity Surveyor and contractors Quantity Surveyor. The table below shows the summary of the roles of Quantity Surveyor in different working sectors. Private or Public Quantity Surveyor Contractors Quantity Surveyor Provide preliminary cost advise Prepare Bills of Quantities during tendering Prepare cost planning during the design stage Prepare cost planning during the construction stage Advice client for different procurement method Prepare tender document and Bills of Quantities Prepare sub-contract and meeting report Select the best contractor to do the work Negotiate the pricing rate with the contractor Negotiate the material price and construction cost with the supplier and the sub-contractor Value the work done by contractor Compare the cost provided by supplier and sub-contractor. Settlement of contractual claim Make application to the architect or engineer for variation order Prepare financial statement Prepare interim valuation and payment Prepare final Account Prepare final account Nowadays, the introduction of computerised systems for preparing BQ makes Quantity Surveyors practices become very nervous. The traditional roles of Quantity Surveyor are not enough for QS to survive in construction industry because it is becoming to take over by technology. So, in these few years, QS are trying to evolve their roles in construction industry. They become project managers, value managers, expert witness to provide whole life costing, value management, risk analysis, a prove of evidence in building disputes and so on to employers. The QS still have a lot of development spaces in construction industry. It will never be ended up and replaced by others. As QS in the future, I wont worry about the unemployment because it seems to be good in the economical crisis at 2007. I always believe that QS job is a Quite Smart job in the construction industry and has a good future. (Total: 2418 words)

A Philippine Hero

†¦ I. for my part, have done everything possible to avoid it, although at the cost of many rights uselessly sacrificed†¦ My government can not remain indifferent in view of [the] violent and aggressive seizure of its territory by a nation which has arrogated to itself the title champion of oppressed nations. Thus†¦ my government is disposed to open hostilities [if America attacks the Visayas]. Upon their heads be all the blood which may be shed. Emilio Aguinaldo Proclamation, Malolos, January 5, 1899 In Larry Henares' program, some of the panelists -staunch admirers of Aguinaldo- expressed the oft-repeated view that the general failed to achieve greatness in the eyes of Filipinos simply because he lived too long. He didn't die young, in the flower of youth, like Jacinto, or in some twilight of the gods manner, like Bonifacio. He wasn't martyred, like Rizal, and he didn't die, penurious and neglected, like Mabini. He simply lived on, and on, until he became something like an antiquated relict fit for gawking at, but not for reverence. Poor, unheralded man. No one ever made it clear if anyone asked Aguinaldo if that's what he felt. I would think that Aguinaldo was exceedingly fortunate to have lived so long. He outlived many of his friends, but he also outlived all of his enemies. He was reviled during his lifetime -in some cases, because he involved himself in politics and thus made himself fair game- but he lived to see independence day moved to June 12. Isn't having lived long enough to be told of that change an exquisite achievement? And throughout his life, he had the loyalty and devotion of the those who belonged to the League of the Veterans of the Revolution. The things held against him, the sordid Tejeros Convention -one professor of history has pointed out that there were more votes cast than there were actually people to cast them- which led to the eventual execution of Bonifacio, and the assassination of Gen. Antonio Luna which was a great blow to the military viability of the forces of the Republic, may forever bar him from reaching the same exalted place in the affections of the Filipino people. They will always haunt him. But they do not, I think, diminish his greatness at all. The power struggle -a naked coup d'‚tat, some have called it- that led to Bonifacio's downfall does make for sickening reading. And his execution was a poor end for a patriot. But is such indignation over this, warranted? Do people get upset over this because, in reality, they are applying quasi-religious morality to a subject that should be divorced from it? Why should standards befitting religious sainthood be applied to secular heroism? Must you be â€Å"good† (in the way people like Fr. Nudas would define it) to be a hero? A hero for a secular country? When Bonifacio's competence to hold the portfolio of the department of the Interior was questioned by Daniel Tirona, the Supremo, indignant, demanded a retraction. He failed to get it. Furious, he declared the proceedings null and void, and left. NCC Chairman Laurel recounted with pride on Henares' program how his grandfather, Sotero, head of the Batangas delegation at Tejeros, and a Bonifacio supporter, reacted to the uproar that followed. He called for lambanog. He drank, pulled out his gun, and put it on the table. He demanded that, as they had all agreed to earlier, the decision of the majority be respected. Otherwise, mag ubusan na tayo. The majority sided with Aguinaldo. Bonifacio (or, depending on how you see it, Aguinaldo) had thrown down the gauntlet. As Sotero Laurel might have put it then, matira ang matibay. Aguinaldo won, obviously. The thing is, in a revolutionary situation, extreme situations call for extreme measures. You can't dilly-dally and sort things out and massage egos while the enemy tries to kill you all . Every revolution everywhere has been marred with competing factions, many of whom act out of less-than-noble motives. In the end, one group must prevail, one destiny achieved. The Revolution, for good or ill, had its destiny tied to Aguinaldo. While the movement (as Mabini saw it) faltered as a result of the Supremo's liquidation, it made it through. It was suspended after biak-na-bato, resumed again, and gave birth to the proclamation made from a window of a house in Kawit on June 12. The proclamation of the Philippines as a free country. The Republic did not prosper. Was it Aguinaldo's fault? The fault of the Ilustrados? Did it fail because of competing views and interests within it, divisions that exist to this day in our country and in other countries with similar histories? Left to ourselves, they had as good a chance of eventually working them out as any other people on earth. But they weren't left alone. They were subdued with krag rifles and American tactics. Laudably, the Centennial Commission has made it clear that it is the proclamation and not the substance of independence that will be commemorated in 1998. A proclamation whose aspirations have endured. As have its symbols: our flag, our anthem. Aspirations we strove to fulfill in 1946, aspirations every generation tries to fulfill up to the present. Aguinaldo was responsible for that declaration, that flag, that anthem. He gave the nation vessels to contain its soul. We should be able to forgive him for being a flawed man and a poor politician. Again and again, our pantheon of heroes has been besieged by angry mobs, intent on pulling down -or raising up high above the others- the statues of great Filipinos. We, who should, as befits a supposedly democratic and liberal state, find nothing wrong or ignoble in having our heroes stand side-by-side, remain obsessed with establishing heroic hierarchies, as though the leaders we revere were petty princelings subject to Byzantine rules of precedence. Are we a people unworthy of heroes in the first place?

Marketing Dicussion

CHAPTER 17 DESIGNING AND MANAGING INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS Marketing Discussion. Pick a brand and go to Web site. Locate as many forms of communications as you can find. Conduct an informal communication audit. What do you notice? How consistent are the different communications? Intodruction In 21. Century Technology’s has changed the way we live, the way we catch the information. In nowadays the society has become indifferent and it is hard to draw the attention. That’s way the company’s use the marketing communications to inform, persuade and remind consumers about the product and brand they sell. It’s very important to establish a dialogue and built relationships with consumers. The disciples in marketing communications include: Media advertising, sales promotion, events and experiences, public relations, direct marketing, persuade selling. [pic] Nikita is an Icelandic clothing brand, founded by its head designer Heida Birgisdottir in a tiny street wear store in Reykjavik 10 years ago. Now they have stores world wide. NIKITA marketing communication mix: 1. NIKITA CHIKITA CAMP – you can take a part in the girls snowboarding camp in the snow sport canter in Cardona. . WANNA WIN A TRIP TO ICELAND – you must unload of Picture of yourself wearing NINITA outwear to facebook wall and win a trip to Iceland. 3. NIKITA GIRLS – Good Snowboard riders from different countries: Maude Richon, Christel Thoresen, Anna Hellman, Natasza Zurek are sponsored by NIKITA clothing 4. WWW. NIKITACLOTHING. COM – offer opportunity to buy clothes in ONLINE SHOP. 5. NIKI TA take a part in European Snowboarding Championships and built its brand image thought sponsoring events and riders. 6. Twitter, Facebook, Youtube account. NIKITA has developed effective communications and has identified her target audience- girls who ride with skate and snow. The company have a great customer relation because they know customer habits. NIKITA perfectly know what to say, how to say it and who should say it. The marketing communications which use NIKITA: personal selling, direct marketing, events and experiences. NIKITA gives acceptance to individuality. It's brought personality, freedom, vision, a voice, logic and power. Company is successful and use right marketing communications.

Is Neoclassical Architecture Really New

Neoclassical architecture describes buildings that are inspired by the classic architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. In the United States, it describes the important public buildings built after the American Revolution, well into the 1800s. The U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. is a good example of neoclassicism, a design chosen by the Founding Fathers in 1793. The prefix neo- means new and classical refers to ancient Greece and Rome.  If you look closely at anything called neoclassical, youll see art, music, theater, literature, governments, and  visual arts that are derived from ancient Western European civilizations. Classical architecture was built from roughly 850 B.C. to A.D. 476, but the popularity of neoclassicism rose from 1730 to 1925. The Western world has always returned to the first great civilizations of mankind. The Roman arch was a repeated characteristic of the medieval Romanesque period from approximately 800 to 1200. What we call the Renaissance from about 1400 to 1600 was a rebirth of classicism. Neoclassicism is the influence of Renaissance architecture from the 15th and 16th century Europe. Neoclassicism was a European movement that dominated the 1700s. Expressing the logic, order, and rationalism of the Age of Enlightenment, people again returned to neoclassical ideas.  For the United States after the American Revolution in 1783, these concepts profoundly shaped the new government not only in the writing of the U.S. Constitution, but also in the architecture built to express the ideals of the new nation. Even today in much of the public architecture in Washington, D.C., the nations capital, you may see echoes of the Parthenon in Athens or the Pantheon in Rome. The word.neoclassic (without a hyphen is the preferred spelling) has come to be a general term encompassing a variety influences, including  Classical Revival, Greek Revival, Palladian, and Federal. Some people dont even use the word neoclassical because they think it is useless in its generality. The word classic itself has changed in meaning over the centuries. At the time of the Mayflower Compact in 1620, the classics would have been the books written by Greek and Roman scholars — today we have classic rock, classic movies, and classic novels that have nothing to do with ancient classical times. The commonality is that anything called classic is considered superior or first class. In this sense, every generation has a new classic, or neoclassic. Neoclassical Characteristics During the 18th century, the written works of the Renaissance architects Giacomo da Vignola and Andrea Palladio were widely translated and read. These writings inspired appreciation for the Classical Orders of architecture and the beautifully proportioned architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. Neoclassical buildings have many (although not necessarily all) of four features: (1) symmetrical floor plan shape and fenestration (i.e., placement of windows); (2) tall columns, generally Doric but sometimes Ionic, that rise the full height of the building. In residential architecture, a double portico; (3) triangular pediments; and (4) a centered domed roof. The Beginnings of Neoclassical Architecture One important 18th century thinker, the French Jesuit priest Marc-Antoine Laugier, theorized that all architecture derives from three basic elements: the column, the entablature, and the pediment. In 1753, Laugier published a book-length essay that outlined his theory that all architecture grows from this shape, which he called the Primitive Hut. The general idea was that society was best when it was more primitive, that a purity is native in simplicity and symmetry. The romanticization of simple forms and the Classical Orders spread to the American colonies. Symmetrical neoclassical buildings modeled after classical Greek and Roman temples were thought to symbolize principles of justice and democracy. One of the most influential Founding Fathers, Thomas Jefferson, drew upon the ideas of Andrea Palladio when he drew architectural plans for the new nation, the United states. Jeffersons neoclassical design for the Virginia State Capitol in 1788 started the ball rolling for the building of the nations capital in Washington, D.C. The State House in Richmond has been called one of the Ten Buildings That Changed America. Famous Neoclassical Buildings After the Treaty of Paris in 1783 when the colonies were forming a more perfect Union and developing a constitution, the Founding Fathers turned to the ideals of ancient civilizations. Greek architecture and Roman government were nondenominational temples to democratic ideals. Jeffersons Monticello, the U.S. Capitol, the White House, and the U.S. Supreme Court building are all variations of the neoclassical — some being more influenced by Palladian ideals and some more like Greek Revival temples. Architectural historian Leland M. Roth writes that all of the architecture of the period from 1785 to 1890 (and even much of it up to 1930) adapted historic styles to create associations in the mind of the user or observer which would strengthen and enhance the functional purpose of the building. About Neoclassical Houses The word neoclassical is often used to describe an architectural style, but neoclassicism is not actually any one distinct style. Neoclassicism is a trend, or approach to design, that can incorporate a variety of styles. As architects and designers became known for their work, their names became associated with a particular type of building — Palladian for Andrea Palladio, Jeffersonian for Thomas Jefferson, Adamesque for Robert Adams. Basically, its all neoclassical — Classical Revival, Roman Revival, and Greek Revival. Although you may associate neoclassicism with grand public buildings, the neoclassical approach has also shaped the way we build private homes. A gallery of neoclassical private homes proves the point. Some residential architects break the neoclassic architectural style into distinct time periods — no doubt to assist the realtors who market these American home styles. Transforming a built house into a neoclassical style can go very badly, but this is not always the case. Scottish architect Robert Adam (1728-1792) redesigned Kenwood House in Hampstead, England from what was called a double-pile manor house into a neoclassical style. He remodeled Kenwoods north entrance in 1764, as outlined in on the English Heritage website. Fast Facts Time periods of when architectural styles flourished are often inexact, if not arbitrary. In the book American House Styles: A Concise Guide, architect John Milnes Baker has given us his own concise guide to what he believes neoclassical-related periods to be: Federal Style, 1780-1820, is named after the new U.S. government, although ideas come from the British Isles, including a continued interest in the Palladian window and the work of Robert Adams. A Federalist building does not always have imposing pillars, but its symmetry and decorative details are classically inspired.Neoclassical, 1780-1825, is the period of Americas breaking away from European modifications of Classical ideas and ideals, adhering instead to strict classical orders of proportion. Baker says the Neoclassicists rarely presumed to distort the proportions of the classical orders except in the subtlest way.Greek Revival, 1820-1850, de-emphasized Roman architectural details, such as the dome and arch, and focused more on the Greek way. This was a favorite of Antebellum architecture, the stately plantation homes built before Americas Civil War.Neoclassical Revival, 1895-1950, became a modernists interpretation of ancient Rome and Greece. When well done, writes Baker, thes e houses had a certain dignity, but the line between dignity and pomposity was tenuous at best....Some of the most grotesque, tasteless, and nouveau-riche buildings offered by speculative builders today are pale shadows of the Neoclassical Revival. One can often see the pretense carried to absurdity when a makeshift portico is slapped on the facade of a raised ranch or pseudo-colonial. Unfortunately it is not an uncommon sight. Sources About the U.S. Capitol Building, https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-buildings/about-us-capitol-building and Capitol Hill Neoclassical Architecture, https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/architecture-styles/neoclassical-architecture-capitol-hill, Architect of the Capitol [accessed April 17, 2018] A Concise History of American Architecture by Leland M. Roth, Harper Row, 1979, p. 54 American House Styles: A Concise Guide by John Milnes Baker, Norton, 1994, pp. 54, 56, 64, 104 Additional Photo Credits: Kenwood House, English Heritage Paul Highnam/Getty Images (cropped) Kenwood: History and Stories. English Heritage.