Research Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Methods - Assignment Example Theory building is relatively more complex that theory testing. In theory testing, a researcher primarily tests whether a certain theory explains a phenomenon that he or she is investigating (Christensen, Johnson & Turner, 2011). For instance, a researcher studying the cause of global warming may consider testing the Anthropogenic Global Warming (AGW) theory. The rationale behind testing such a theory is to uncover whether the AGW theory best explains global warming. Therefore, the researcher may test the theory by looking at the humidity levels resulting from the emission of carbon dioxide. Theory testing aims at collecting evidence to either confirm or contest a theory. In theory building, the researcher synthesis literature content related to his or her interested topic of study in an attempt to explain a given phenomenon. For instance, a researcher studying the concept of global warming may consider the analysis of all theories related to global warming including the AGW theory ( Polkinghorne, 2005). The usage of data in testing already constructed hypotheses and theories is advantageous since the analysis that shall be done is meant to confirm or dispute the given theories and hypotheses. On the downside, this statistical method is prone to the aligning of new information to old findings and may thus eliminate other findings not taken care of by the theory or hypothesis in question (Leedy & Ormrod, 2010). On the other hand, the usage of data in generating hypotheses and building theories has its advantages among them the completeness and depth of analysis and drawing of conclusions (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004). This is due to the fact that there are no biases the researcher is exposed to (Polkinghorne, 2005). The disadvantage is that the conclusions are exposed to many untested results. The first rationale for employing the

Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading - Essay Example The historical changes that have taken place over the centuries have enabled authors to certainty and snatch up what was understood as the missing links of life and text (Mavor, 273). According to Mavor, the essay â€Å"Dearth of the Author,† was part of the force that propelled the change towards postmodernism The article Life Made Art, Art Made from Life by Miguel A. Medina, demonstrates that there are many artists whose artwork can be known without references of their biographies. However, there are other artists whose work cannot be separated from their life. In this case, their works of art are sustained by the events of their life. A third group of artists is the group that practices confessional art, in this article the most extreme case of confessional art is done by Tracey Emin. Emin’s artistic production revolves around her life experiences and has turned her life into a public display. According to Medina, in order to understand the sincerity and truth in the confessional art done by Emin, one has to understand confessional culture (Medina, 58). In addition, creativity in Emin’s artwork is inspired by her obsessions and she uses painting, monotypes, neon, bedspreads, films, installations photographs, and books (Medina,

Arguments For And Against Use Of Precedent Law Essay

Arguments For And Against Use Of Precedent Law Essay One very important element of the law in the United Kingdom is the precedent. The precedent is a  legal case  establishing a principle or rule that a  court  or other judicial body may utilize when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or  facts.  [1]  These decisions can be used as a map to help the judges navigate through the English legal system. Despite the fact that the precedent can be very useful in the English law in some special cases it can only make things more difficult and it can lead to false results. Generally it is argued that the precedent introduces unnecessary rigidity into the law, thereby preventing legal doctrine from developing as society develops. The first thing that we should consider is why this is happening. To examine this issue we should first start from the meaning of the word >. The word precedent refers to an action that has already happened and that could be argued to be the greatest disadvantage of the precedent. Judges that use precedent to help them make their decision are heavily basing the result of the trial on a decision that was made a lot of years ago and thats the most important problem. Especially when we talk about cases that happened hundred years ago its unorthodox to use them as guidance in modern cases. The reason is that through the years the way that people act and think is changed and something that was radical in 1900 can turn into something normal in 2011. Also we can see that modern society develops and with it the law develops too. So mod ern law cant always be compatible with old decisions. Finally one more issue that rises is that we cant be certain about the thinking of the judge that took the final decision in an older trial or about the reasons and the circumstances under which he took his decision. In addition the application of precedent may sometimes cause injustice. The overruling of an earlier case may cause injustice to those who have ordered their affairs in reliance on it. Precedent may produce justice in an individual case but injustice in the generality of cases. It would be undesirable to treat a number of claimants unjustly simply because one binding case had laid down an unjust rule. The use of precedent also has as a result to limit the development of the law. The doctrine of stare decisis is a limiting factor in the development of the law made by judges. Practical law is founded on experience but the scope for further experience is restricted if the first case is binding. Moreover it could be said is that there are too many precedents resulting to the loss of time and money and sometimes leading to confusion due to the large number of cases that should be considered. The citation of authority in court should be kept within reasonable bounds because it can be costly in terms of time and money. Also Lord Diplock has warned of the danger of so blinding the court with case law that it has difficulty in seeing the wood of legal principle for the trees of paraphrase. In order to avoid all those consequences the House of Lords has decided that it will not allow transcripts of unreported judgments of the Court of Appeal, civil division, to be cited before the House except with its leave. Finally one more disadvantage of the precedent is that it makes the law inflexible. The case-law method is sometimes said to be flexible. However a judge is not so free where there is a binding precedent. Unless it can be distinguished he must follow it, even though he dislikes it or considers it bad law. His discretion is thereby limited and the alleged flexibility of case law becomes rigidity. Judges are forced to apply binding precedents that blocks them from making a new decision about a case. This action introduces an unnecessary rigidity on case-law that doesnt allow for the law to develop. One great example that the precedent cant be used in certain cases can be found at the case of R v R [1992] 1 AC 599. In this case a husband appealed against his conviction of the attempted rape of his wife. The defense of the husband supported that a husband cannot be guilty of rape upon his lawful wife because of the marriage contract. Upon marriage the wife consents to her husbands exercise of his marital rights. They based their defense on case law using : Hale, History of the Pleas of the Crown, 1st ed. (1736), vol. 1, ch. 58, p. 629; Archbold, Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cases, 1st ed. (1822), p. 259; Rex v. Audley (Lord) (1631) 3 St.Tr. 401;  Reg. v. Cogan [1976] Q.B. 217  and  Reg. v. Kowalski (1987) 86 Cr.App.R. 339 The wifes consent could only be withdrawn in certain circumstances, such as her death, or if the marriage was avoided by a private Act of Parliament, a separation order (see  Rex v. Clarke [1949] 2 All E.R. 448), a decree nisi (see  Reg. v. OBrien (Edward) [1974] 3 All E.R. 663), an undertaking (see  Reg. v. Steele (1976) 65 Cr.App.R. 22), a deed of separation (see  Reg. v. Roberts [1986] Crim.L.R. 188), or a family protection order (see Reg. v. S. (unreported), 15 January 1991, which did not follow  Reg. v. Sharples [1990] Crim.L.R. 198). As none of those factors existed, the appellants immunity was not lost by what happened between his wife and himself. Accordingly he should not be tried for or convicted of rape. However appeal was dismissed. Overturning the principle set out in Hales History of the Pleas of the Crown (1736), that a wife irrevocably consented to sexual intercourse with her husband on marriage, their Lordships confirmed that the assumption was no longer applicable in modern times when marriage was viewed as a partnership of equals. The  Sexual Offences (Amendment) Act 1976 s.1(1)  defined rape as unlawful sexual intercourse with a woman who at the time of the intercourse does not consent to it. Th eir Lordships rejected submissions that unlawful meant outside the bond of marriage. It was unrealistic to describe extramarital sexual intercourse as unlawful, particularly as unlawful normally meant contrary to some law or enactment or without lawful justification or excuse. The word unlawful was superfluous in the context of s.1(1). The husband was guilty of attempting to have sexual intercourse with his wife against her will contrary to s.1(1) of the 1976 Act. On the other hand despite the fact that precedent has some disadvantages it also has a lot of advantages because in its favor, the use of precedent is said to bring certainty to the law by enabling people to know how issues will be resolved in the future. At first with the use of precedent people are aware of the law and its consequences and they can predict with exactitude their penalties if they make any unlawful actions and they can avoid them by knowing that its illegal and that they will receive a penalty. Also the precedent is a convenient timesaving device. If a problem has already been answered and solved it is natural that a similar case will reach the same conclusion. The judges can use the precedent to deal with minor offences that came to the jury and that will save a lot of time so that they can deal with more cases in a smaller time period. One of the most important advantages resulting from the use of precedent is that it gives greater certainty in the law and helps the judges to avoid mistakes. The existence of a precedent may prevent a judge making a mistake that he might have made if he had been left on his own without any guidance. Generally the precedent is a very important tool for the judges. When they face a difficult case they can search for similar cases in the past and see what decisions were made. That can help them make a decision and be sure that their decision was lawful and fair. In addition the use of precedent prevents injustice. The doctrine of precedent may serve the interests of justice. It would be unjust to reach a different decision in a following case. Everyone should be equal against the law. In order to realize this we should all be judged as equals and receive the same penalties for the same crimes. The precedent helps with that because the decision is taken based on a previous decision for a similar or same crime. That helps the judges and works like a guidance to help them make right decisions. Also it ensures impartiality of judge. The interests of justice also demand impartiality from the judge. This may be assured by the existence of a binding precedent, which he must follow unless it is distinguishable. If he tries to distinguish an indistinguishable case his attempt will be obvious. Judges that are not loyal to their duty are easy to be corrupted and make decisions that are in favor of one part. The use of precedent helps to limit the pheno menon of corruption of the judges and it ensures a fair legal system. Judges cant make decision and penalties out of their minds. They should follow the precedent if it is binding or if they have worries about taking a decision. Every radical attempt to support one side at the expense of another would be obvious and would be stopped. Finally one more great advantage is that it offers opportunities to develop the law. The making of law in decided cases offers opportunities for growth and legal development, which could not be provided by Parliament. The courts can more quickly lay down new principles, or extend old principles, to meet novel circumstances. A wealth of cases illustrative of a vast number of the principles of English law has built up over the centuries. The cases exemplify the law in the sort of detail that could not be achieved in a long code of the Continental type. The precedent give the opportunity to review old decisions and from reform or create new laws that are representing better the modern time. The use of precedent can become very useful for the judges and is obvious through the case of C v DPP [1995] 2 All ER 43. In that case a boy which was at the age of 12 at the time of the offence appealed against the Queens Bench Division ruling (Times, March 30, 1994; [1994] 3 W.L.R. 888) that the presumption that children aged 10-14 were doli incapax (incapable of committing a crime) no longer applied because the court believed that the common law presumption was superseded and against the public interest. In that case the appeal was allowed because the court believed that except the the actus reus and the mens rea the prosecution must adduce additional evidence to prove the minor knew that what he was doing was not merely naughty but seriously wrong. Especially the court added that proof that the minor had done the acts charged could not per se establish that he had guilty knowledge, however bad the acts. The additional evidence must be obtained from a witness who knew the minor we ll, by interviewing the minor or by psychiatric examination. In para 8.4 of Crime, Justice and Protecting the Public (1990, Cm 965) the government approved the presumption on the grounds that allowance must be made for childrens developing faculties. To change the law by judicial ruling would be inadvisable because Parliament had rejected the opportunity to clarify a known difficulty. Its obvious especially in this trial that the precedent played a very important role in order to reach justice. It was clearly visible that the decision of the court was merely wrong. During the trial, the presumption that children aged 10-14 were doli incapax that means that they were incapable of committing a crime was not taken into account and this mistake led them to a false and unfair decision. The appellant mentioned this mistake and appealed against their decision because it was obvious that it was wrong. This case is a very good example of what happens if during a trial the judge decides or forgets to apply a decision because he judged differently than previous people have judged. In conclusion, the precedent as was firstly argued is a very important and useful tool for the English law. It may have some disadvantages but however problematic we may find the use of precedent in many occasions it can be really helpful in order for justice to come to light. It sometimes prevents legal doctrine from developing as society develops and introduces an unnecessary rigidity but its obvious that its use brings certainty to the law by enabling people to know how issues will be resolved in the future. We cant just decide that the use of precedent should be stopped or should be continued because no matter what its disadvantages are it also has a lot of advantages that have been proved really helpful in everyday life.

What Kind of God is He? :: Religion, Genesis, Trials

God puts trials upon everyone, and in Genesis twenty-two he sets Abraham out on his own journey, to sacrifice his own son, Isaac. After all the struggle Abraham and Sarah had to conceive the child, God decides that the boy should be sacrificed to him. And without an even a moment of procrastination or a murmur of woe (Gen 22:3) the man sets off to do God’s bidding. What sort of God would ask a loyal man such as Abraham to do this appalling deed? I believe firmly, that God did not do this so that Abraham would be deprived of the wonders of his offspring, or to have a human burnt offering for his own good, but to gain our trust and show how trustworthy he is. And also to show that if we just listen to what he has to say that we too, will have everything â€Å"provided† for us when urgent times come. He trusted in Adam and Eve, whose adversity started when they turned their ears away from Him and ate the forbidden fruit (Gen 3:6). Or in the story of Cain and Abel, Cain chooses not to listen to God and committed homicide against his brother Abel (Gen 4:8) and is then sent out to Nod. Yet again, another misfortune happened when Lot’s wife ignored the commands of the Lord and looked back at the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, only to be turned into a pillar of salt (Gen 19:26). All these stories show how much God trusts in humanity but we either do not listen to his wishes or trust in Him, and because of this disobedience there are severe penalties. And this trend only continues throughout the bible. Abraham, on the other hand, conceded to his rules and does as he is told without even the slightest hesitation. He made his slow venture up the mountain, to the exact place God had shown him, and, builds the altar then ties his son up and getting him ready for the sacrificing (Gen 22:9). But at this point the Lord stopped him. Without shame, for he did as he was told, he announced â€Å"Here I am† (Gen 22 :11). This is unlike Adam whom has to hide himself for going against the Lords will earlier in chapter three of Genesis. And unlike in chapter three, instead of getting reprimanded and punished, Abraham is blessed by the Lord (Gen 22 :16-19), for he did what he was told even though it was a great loss in his family.

Food Memoir Essay

During my early twenties, I developed a passion for cooking. The deeper I delved into the art of cooking quality food, the more I realized the amalgamating properties it held. Little did I know, this hobby was something my new wife Jenn and I did not share. The first indication that there might be a problem in the kitchen occurred with a simple request one evening after work: â€Å"Honey, I would like some bacon,† I said. To my astonishment, my bride declared, â€Å"I don’t know how to cook bacon, I don’t even like bacon! † I knew this woman for seven years—my high school sweetheart—and I never knew she didn’t like bacon. â€Å"Who doesn’t like bacon anyway? It’s un-American! † I said. No wife of mine would ever dislike bacon. And even if you didn’t like it, how could you not know how to cook it? Exasperated, I explained how you begin with a cold pan, as not to scorch it. I continued, showing her how not to overlap the bacon, but not to leave too much space either. The conversation continued and I took jabs where I could. She contended that she did not like bacon because of its texture; I argued it was because she did not know how to cook it right. I couldn’t really blame her though, she came by it honestly. My mother-in-law cannot cook—at all. She has a rotation of three to four meals that come from a can or a package. Hamburger Helper was commonplace growing up in that house. A simple meal such as spaghetti is a botched experiment in â€Å"homemade cooking. † Her recipe consists of un-doctored, canned sauce poured onto over-cooked, mushy noodles, that she stirs the entire time they are boiling. Sometimes, she’ll even add a couple of frozen meatballs from a bag. To our delight, most of our meals with the mother-in-law take place in a restaurant, where it’s safe. We are able to enjoy the occasion of food and family, while actually being able to stomach the food. It is the aforementioned reasons that my wife could not cook when we first got married; she simply was not taught or even exposed to the practice of cooking. She was also rather close-minded when it came to new things. After-all, Hamburger Helper only came in so many varieties. It was up to me to change all this—to teach her to cook, and open her mind to new flavors. I grew up with real home-cooked meals. My dad, now an engineer, was once the chef at a local restaurant in our hometown of Marion, Illinois. He imparted in me an appreciation for real food, and dispelled the myth in my mind, that â€Å"mom† was responsible for putting dinner on the table. Years later, dad is a still a major influence in my relationship with food, which in turn strengthens my relationship with him. For the past ten years, going to dad’s house for Sunday dinner has been tradition—first me, then my wife, and now our three children. Dad and I haven’t always seen eye-to-eye on certain things, but there is an emulsifying, unifying power that quality food possesses, that helped heal our relationship. Even before the modern days of Sunday dinner began, my dad was my inspiration to learn to cook, and I aspire to be the same for my children. One factor that enhanced my appreciation for cooking was the time I spent in my early twenties watching the Food Network. There, I watched Emeril Lagasse cook up his latest masterpiece with a â€Å"BAM! † I attempted to emulate many of his dishes, some even with success. It was in this time period that I actually began to develop some culinary skill. My mother was my faithful and willing test subject. Her only complaint was the disaster I left in my wake. I could cook, but would somehow manage to destroy the entire kitchen in the process. One of my favorite dishes I picked up in this time period was a simple bologna recipe I picked up from Emeril, which became an oft-requested Super Bowl staple. Emeril’s Favorite Brown Sugar-Crusted Baked Bologna1: An all-beef bologna, smothered in Dijon mustard and brown sugar, and slow-cooked for five hours. The resulting deliciousness is served on fresh, white bread with yellow mustard. I never would have thought bologna could become gourmet, and it was with this dish I learned it is often the simpler recipes that have the most impact. This taught me that delicious cuisine doesn’t necessarily take hours of preparation alongside fancy ingredients. Sometimes, all a simple recipe needs is a creative twist to turn it into something incredible. It took some time, but Jenn came around. The more I encouraged her to try new things, the wider her horizons became. She began to cook, and found she was actually a natural in the kitchen. And how did I finally get her to eat bacon? While she was pregnant with our first son, she would eat anything. I would come home from work to find family-size boxes of macaroni and cheese decimated. I knew this was my chance. I started sneaking bacon into dishes, and onto sandwiches—anywhere I remotely thought I could fit it in. Lo and behold, she found she actually liked it! Now that we both have a healthy appreciation of cooking, we keep a strong focus on it in our day to day lives. Despite our busy schedules, it is a priority of ours to eat together as a family whenever possible. Because of our passion for a unique blend of health and great taste in our diets, our children are always trying, and usually liking, new foods. We can already see in them an appreciation for good food, and an affinity for family meal time. What’s the number one request for just about any meal? Bacon, of course.

Word Narrative

Collaborative practice I've been in hospital a few days now. I've settled in. Well as much as you can be expected to when you're in a strange environment. The first day was awful for me though, I had no idea what was going on. I'd just started my 3 weeks annual leave (l work abroad so I was looking forward to spending time with my family etc. ) and I started having severe chest pains at home. They were crushing pains I can't explain the pain in any other way than it felt like a vice. My wife called 999 and the ambulance asked a lot of questions, before I knew t I was on my way to hospital.I remember everyone just running around, it felt like no one was actually talking to me. Like I was invisible! The doctors were saying something about a possible stroke, but not to me, they were talking amongst themselves. They attached a load of wires to me and the monitor they attached me to constantly beeping. Still drives me crazy that noise all around the ward. Some of the nurses are nice, not all of them seem to like me though. Maybe I'm an inconvenience? Hope they don't think that. I know they are all really busy, that's obvious.I finally found out that have suffered a stroke and I need to stay in the hospital until I'm well enough to go home. Although most of what they said to me was not in a language I could understand! I can remember asking where my wife was a lot and no one answering me, which was really frustrating as I knew she would be equally as worried. Didn't get told when would be able to see her for at least an hour after arriving at the hospital. The ward I'm on has really strict visiting hours so my wife can only visit me for two hours a day and she isn't allowed to bring he children which is a shame.But have been told I will probably only spend 5 days on this ward and that if I'm not ready to go home I will be moved on to a ward with more flexible visiting hours. I'm looking forward to that. The thing that hate the most about being on a ward is having to use a commode behind a curtain. I am a 41 year old man and to be honest I find it very embarrassing and undignified. I'm not saying my experience her has been completely unpleasant but the sooner I get out of here the better and I will be in no hurry to come back.

Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Essays

Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Essays Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Paper Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers Paper Analyse and compare two tabloid newspapers one quality and one popular TABLOIDS are the newspapers that are printed on an A3 size of paper and contain more than just news and world events. In a tabloid, the news shares the content along with sports, advertisements and other features. In this part of my coursework, I plan to evaluate and compare the front pages of two British tabloid newspapers. THE DAILY EXPRESS For my analysis, I have chosen the published copy of the Daily Express dated 14th May 2004. The main photograph on the front page occupies around 20% of the whole side. The photo is of a well-recognised personage, Victoria Beckham. She is wearing designer clothes, dark glasses, and carries a handbag. She stands on a tiled floor. The sophisticated designers wear of the woman connotates her wealth; we also learn of her fame from her presence on the front page of the paper. The lighting of the photograph is on this woman; the background has been kept dark and mysteriously unknown. We can tell that the setting of the picture is negligible, as the photographer has deliberately left the background unfocused. The tiled floor gives the connotation of a public place. The unimportant setting is also realized from the proportions of the picture; the figure of the woman fills most of the frame, leaving as little background as possible. The womans expressions are not very positive; the picture is a snatch photograph where the subject is unaware of the photographer and hasnt posed. The body posture of Victoria Beckham with one leg ahead of the other and the face being turned away from the camera also supports the idea of a snatch photograph. Her stance implies that she may have been photographed while walking. Her facial expressions and lips suggest that she may have been talking. Such a snatch photograph can urge people to buy the newspaper because Victoria Beckham is a celebrity and a snatch photo of hers could make them want to find out what has been happening with her. The key article of the front page is not linked to the main photograph. The headline of this front page says, Abortion dad 13 : WE WERE GOING TO CALL HER CHLOE. The headline is a quotation, possibly used from an interview with the person involved. The newspaper claims that the front-page article is an exclusive, a story covered by their press only. This is an intelligent way to attract their audience, as people will believe that what they can read in the Daily Express they will not get a chance to read anywhere else. A puff (used for self-promotion) has also been used where the Daily Express has labelled itself as The Worlds Greatest Newspaper. There is also a byline telling the reader that the editorial has been written by the chief reporter of the Daily Express. The topic of the main article concerns the abortion of the baby of two teenagers, one 13 and the other, 14 years old. It fundamentally tells the reader of the opinions of the couple and their relatives, on the abortion of the unborn child. There are approximately 104 words in the article, with 13 lines and about 8 words in each line. The editorial begins with a stand first; an introductory paragraph that tells the reader what the story is about. We are then given information on the main people involved in the incident. Finally, the opinions of related people are given, leaving the article somewhat unfinished, with a potential libel. However, it is difficult for the reader to guess if the claims made by the paper are true or false. The most important piece of information in the whole piece of writing is given at the very end of the article; this is where the reader learns that the mother of the pregnant girl had not been told about the abortion and was considering suing for assault. This is what leaves us at a kind of cliffhanger, as we do not find out if the mother did sue. The reader may also doubt if this claim made by the paper is true. The article is structured so that it gives some basic facts at the very beginning and the reader can know whom the story is about. Every piece of information is put down very briefly, with about half a sentence for all the different sides of the story. By and large, the Daily Express has decided to make the headline as eye-catching as possible, but has left the actual critique very concise. Being typical of tabloids, the front page does not have as much of concrete news as it has other items. THE TIMES The Times tabloid is a highbrow. Originally, a broadsheet newspaper, the tabloid is a bit lighter, but with the heavy content of the broadsheet Times. For my analysis of The Times, I have chosen the published copy dated 14th May 2004. The focal picture on the front page occupies about 40% of the side. It is the photograph of a woman standing all alone in a very big stadium. She is not an acknowledged person. Her face is expressionless with her chin held high. She wears simple clothes with ordinary colours and no accessories. Her hair has been tied back in a rough, clumsy manner. The proportions of the stadium to the woman are huge. This gives the reader the connotation that the setting of the photograph is much, much more important than the subject in it. This is also realised from the fact that the woman is not a well-known person. The photographer has wanted to make the reader focus on the location of the picture. The expressions on the womans face are rigid, and her body, stiff. In vast vicinity, she is the only person the reader can see. Although she stands at the centre of a huge stadium, we are given the impression that she does not have the freedom of moving about. The woman has posed for the photograph and looks straight into the camera. A caption has been used underneath the picture, telling us its location and about the subject in it. It also tells us why it has been taken so that a person who sees the picture can read the caption and decide if they are interested in reading the article that it is linked to. The Times is very different from the Daily Express. The Daily Express has tried to catch the attention of its audience by putting the image of a popular celebrity on the front-page so that people get curious to know what all they can find out about her. They have used the figure of a posh and trendy figure, in a snatch pose. The populace can tell by looking at the photograph that what they can find out about Victoria Beckham in the Daily Express, may not be from her own words, but inside information about her private life. In comparison to the Daily Express, the Times has concentrated on a calculated photograph. For attracting an audience, they have chosen to display how far they have progressed into a particular issue and important information that they have researched on world events. They focus on the venue of the picture, whereas, the Daily Express only focuses on the individual they know people will be attracted towards. The headline on the front page of the Times reads : Army to block fuel revolt. The headline gives the reader information about a government organisation and a decision that may be undertaken in the near future. There is also a strapline (a secondary headline) above the headline, separated from it by the photograph, which says, On the night of another bombing in Athens, I spent two hours inside the Olympic stadiums ring of steel. The audience will believe these to be the words of the woman from the main picture. Consequently, they will feel inquisitive about knowing what occurred with her. The item on the front page is a Splash; it is the only main article on that side. The editorial is about the price of petrol and revolts that may rise as a result of the increase in petroleum prices. It gives information on the involvement of the army in the matter and also about fuel shortages that have occurred in the past. The entire item consists of 94 lines with about 4 words in every line, hence resulting in approximately 376 words on the whole. The most significant information is given at the very beginning of the article where the reader is straightaway plunged into the issue, being fed facts on how the government has plans to prevent fuel revolts and the participation of the armed forces. The first paragraph sums up everything that the editorial has reported overall. After the first paragraph, the reader can choose if they wish to go into the details of the event. We are firstly given information about the people involved in the affair and then about the steps that may be getting carried out in its concern. We are educated about the history of the whole issue and why steps are being taken to stop certain things. There is a byline telling the reader that the article has been written by the Transport Correspondent of the Times. The Times has used Self Regulation as it has agreed on a Code of Conduct to keep all material legal, decent, honest and truthful. The dissimilarity between the Daily Express and the Times starts at the very beginning, with the headlines. The headline of the Times shortens down the most important fact of the front-page article, while the Daily Expresss headline is a quotation from the main editorial. It gives the reader no clue on what the item is about so that they have to peruse the whole article to find out what the story is. The article of the Times hasnt claimed itself to be exclusive, like the Daily Express, and neither has a puff been used. The front-page item of the Daily Express concerns a trivial but drastic event. However, the Times tells the reader about a vital event taking place in the world. In the entire front-page editorial of the Daily Express, the reader only learns of the event and the people associated with it. The Times, on the other hand, tell us what the event is, its history, its causes, consequences and what is being done about it. The news of the Daily Express is more personal than the Times, which gives a broader view of a big world event. The article of the Daily Express begins with a stand first. A person will only get to know of the people involved in the issue by reading the first paragraph; to find out the whole story, they will need to read the whole item. In contrast to this, the Times gives its readers the most important information at the very beginning and the readers, then being knowledgeable about the event, can choose whether or not to carry on reading. Overall, the Daily Express has made its front-page very appealing and the Times has published theirs closer to a broadsheet. The following table compares the overall content of the Times and Daily Express :- THE TIMES THE DAILY EXPRESS NEWS 60% 45% FEATURES 18% 10% ADVERTISEMENTS 10% 10% SPORT 10% 25% OTHER 2% 10% A quality tabloid follows all the traits of a tabloid newspaper, but its news content is a shortened version of the same broadsheet paper. Alternatively, a popular tabloid doesnt give very much of news, especially on the front page. It is more concerned in making its front-page eye-catching, to make more of the public buy it.