Construction Engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Construction Engineering - Assignment Example Whether or not a power plant can be built on a specific location is determine by carrying out technical surveys based on following recommendations. Supply of raw material to the place is convenient .i.e. the construction site is provided by roads to transport goods to that part of the area. Must have ample space to accommodate construction machinery. Must have proper area for dumping mud extracted from the construction site. Quebec is rich in places that are suitable for the construction of power plant. For the construction of such a facility in Quebec, following considerations are followed. Facility must be having environmental conditions that support the construction and running of power plant, e.g. Most of the year temperature should be below freezing point and less prone to tornadoes. Facility must be having suitable area for the construction of such a large project. It is better to choose the facility near geysers; therefore, less fuel will be required. Location selected must be close to the facility, so that less investment is required to lay down the electric cable system and less line losses are build. Before establishing such a huge project, most important thing is to carry out economic analysis. To keep the plant running after start up, its economic analysis must be done before time. Here are few most important aspects of carrying out the analysis. The total investment must not exceed the revenue plant is going to generate in its life span, but it should be less enough to overcome its maintenance charges as well as gives profit to the state. Plant should have least transportation charges of fuel and less cabling should be required to furnish the area with electricity produced. Question 2 What data would be required and how would it be collected/obtained/determined for question 1 above? The data for question 1 can be collected by dividing the whole task in a number of parts. First of all, basic information can be obtained by surveying already working p ower plants in Quebec. It needs thorough survey of all the power plants already working in that area. This survey includes detailed review of the operational complexities faced by already functional power plants, in terms of local environmental conditions and geographical issues. Annual reports generated by all the plants must be viewed thoroughly in order to get the idea how the output from the plant is being affected by the choice of location and other factors. All this is really helpful in getting exact data for the analysis carried out in question 1. Question 3 Part of your mandate is to prepare a manual of ‘Business Ethics’ for the Construction of this project. This manual would affect all engineering staff doing design and all construction contractors performing work on site. What key principles might you include in your manual? To follow Business Ethics or Code of Conduct while performing a task is a key to success as an individual as well as a company. Therefore , carrying out such a big project must also follow some codes of conduct that need to be applied on engineering staff, contractors and labors. Here is the list of most important business ethics that must be followed while carrying out this project(Vee and Skitmore). Construction drawings must not be stolen from any source rather a dedicated drawing for this specific thermal power plant must be produced. All of the construction errors must be reported

World War One marked the beginning of the end of the British Empire Essay

World War One marked the beginning of the end of the British Empire. Is it so - Essay Example But Britain had been bled white by the Great War in which the mother country, its colonies and dominions sustained a combined 1.2 million deaths. The British Empire had committed its full weight to the defeat of Germany and the other Central Powers – the cost was its physical and moral supremacy as an imperial power and its practical control over an enormously over-extended collection of overseas possessions. Absolute naval supremacy and a willingness to wage countless â€Å"little wars† around the world enabled Great Britain to build and maintain the largest empire the world has ever known. So long as the British were able to follow this â€Å"blueprint of empire,† it was possible for them to continue doing business as usual. All-out war in 1914 proved to be a fatal scenario for imperial aspirations. It is worthwhile to note that the British Empire reached its zenith only 21 years before the end of World War I. At that time, Queen Victoria ruled over approximate ly 372 million human beings occupying 11 million square miles (â€Å"Imperialism to Post-Colonialism,† 2010). The Royal Navy was the envy of the world, able to respond to flash points in any part of this vast area in a matter of weeks. The Boer War had shaken the notion of British invincibility but, comparatively speaking, did little material damage on a worldwide scale. It is one of the Name 2 most breathtaking facts of modern world history that World War I did so much to hasten the end of a world empire that just two decades before had appeared unassailable. Aftermath and empire Achieving victory over Imperial Germany forced Great Britain into the modern technological age. The British Army had pioneered the tank and a number of other technical innovations in what Niall Ferguson termed â€Å"a huge feat of military modernization† (2002). As has often been the case in British history, need drove advancement but failed to have a lasting impact on the security of the emp ire. â€Å"The stark reality was that, despite the victory and the territory it had brought, the First World War had left the Empire more vulnerable than ever before† (Ibid). The British failed abjectly to apply the lessons learned during the Great War to the need for more efficient management of its colonies. This tendency to fall back on traditional, even outmoded tactics would cost the British much in the years after the war. â€Å"Time and again, in the inter-war period, this was a pattern that would repeat itself†¦a sharp military response, followed by a collapse of British self-confidence, hand-wringing, second thoughts, a messy concession, another concession† (Ferguson, 2002). Ferguson uses Ireland as a prime example. The British had suffered some 1,400 casualties in Ireland by 1921, a toll that the British government and people were no longer willing to tolerate in the interest of empire. British forces in Ireland found themselves overwhelmed because Lloyd George’s government had failed to adopt the advice of Winston Churchill, who called for the utilization of tanks and armoured cars (Ibid). Put simply, the British were content Name 3 to manage circumstances â€Å"on the cheap,† a convenience that cost them dearly in Ireland and would do so repeatedly in subsequent years. Perhaps the most telling sign that Great Britain’s imperial facade was cracking was the loss of its historic edge in naval power. Weapons technology had taken a turn against the Royal Navy during the war. U-boat

Mathematics of infinite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mathematics of infinite - Essay Example Calculus passed along a dramatic path, with a history worth reminiscing and value worth appreciating. Introduction Calculus, is a branch of mathematics that deals with rates of changes of quantities, area, volume, length and motion of objects. It is also called analysis, real analysis or infinitesimal analysis. Calculus is divided into two branches: differential calculus -concerned with derivatives and the integral calculus- that deal with integrals (Calculus 2013). The invention of Calculus is basically accredited to Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). Newton and Leibniz’s breakthrough in mathematics had triggered a lot of debates and arguments from their successors which somehow contributed to the total development of the modern calculus that is existent today. The Birth: Calculus by Newton and Leibniz It is amazing to note that Newton and Leibniz discovered the concepts of calculus independently in separate periods of time, in years 1665 and 1673 respectively. Newton first discovered the subject although Leibniz was the first to publish his works in 1684. Leibniz uses symbols and notations and developed formulas obeying certain rules that transformed the theoretical methods of calculus. Leibniz’s study of the relationships of sequences of sums and differences has contributed greatly in concrete problem solving making it the essence of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. He also established the harmonic triangle forming sequences of sums and differences. Leibniz’ another major contribution is the idea of â€Å"characteristic triangle† where a triangle with a curve running along it has infinitesimal sides at every point of the curve (Leibniz’s Fundamental Theorem of Calculus n.d : 133-136). Newton established calculus based on three methods which are the infinitesimal, method of fluxions and the ultimate ratios. He also introduced â€Å"moments of fluxions†, as the amount of increas e of a fluxion in an infinitely small period of time. The â€Å"ultimate ratios† is his attempt to lay the foundation of calculus with the concept of limits (The Calculus of Leibniz and Newton n.d). Newton uses fluxion and fluent instead of derivative and integral. He uses infinitesimals for computations and provided more concepts about differentiation. Newton and Leibniz were not the first mathematicians that made the evolution of calculus possible. They were the first to define â€Å"algorithmic processes† and to set general notations. They formulated the inverse relationship of integration and differentiation in the most logical manner. Their ideas though individually and independently discovered by each one but resulted to be very related has made calculus to stand on firm foundations of knowledge which until now has been used and applied. As a general statement: â€Å"Newton’s legacy is more about the sorts of scientific problems that calculus has consider ed during the past three to four centuries, while Leibniz’ legacy is more about the way such problem are studied† (Burton n.d) Gray Period: Berkeley’s Criticism Newton and Leibniz’ profound usage of â€Å"infinitesimals† has disturbed many mathematicians succeeding them. Lord Bishop Berkeley is one of those who hurled stinging and serious criticisms to this idea. In his book, The Analyst, he exposed his judgment about the validity of calculus comparing it with religion. He derided the idea of â€Å"

World War One marked the beginning of the end of the British Empire Essay

World War One marked the beginning of the end of the British Empire. Is it so - Essay Example But Britain had been bled white by the Great War in which the mother country, its colonies and dominions sustained a combined 1.2 million deaths. The British Empire had committed its full weight to the defeat of Germany and the other Central Powers – the cost was its physical and moral supremacy as an imperial power and its practical control over an enormously over-extended collection of overseas possessions. Absolute naval supremacy and a willingness to wage countless â€Å"little wars† around the world enabled Great Britain to build and maintain the largest empire the world has ever known. So long as the British were able to follow this â€Å"blueprint of empire,† it was possible for them to continue doing business as usual. All-out war in 1914 proved to be a fatal scenario for imperial aspirations. It is worthwhile to note that the British Empire reached its zenith only 21 years before the end of World War I. At that time, Queen Victoria ruled over approximate ly 372 million human beings occupying 11 million square miles (â€Å"Imperialism to Post-Colonialism,† 2010). The Royal Navy was the envy of the world, able to respond to flash points in any part of this vast area in a matter of weeks. The Boer War had shaken the notion of British invincibility but, comparatively speaking, did little material damage on a worldwide scale. It is one of the Name 2 most breathtaking facts of modern world history that World War I did so much to hasten the end of a world empire that just two decades before had appeared unassailable. Aftermath and empire Achieving victory over Imperial Germany forced Great Britain into the modern technological age. The British Army had pioneered the tank and a number of other technical innovations in what Niall Ferguson termed â€Å"a huge feat of military modernization† (2002). As has often been the case in British history, need drove advancement but failed to have a lasting impact on the security of the emp ire. â€Å"The stark reality was that, despite the victory and the territory it had brought, the First World War had left the Empire more vulnerable than ever before† (Ibid). The British failed abjectly to apply the lessons learned during the Great War to the need for more efficient management of its colonies. This tendency to fall back on traditional, even outmoded tactics would cost the British much in the years after the war. â€Å"Time and again, in the inter-war period, this was a pattern that would repeat itself†¦a sharp military response, followed by a collapse of British self-confidence, hand-wringing, second thoughts, a messy concession, another concession† (Ferguson, 2002). Ferguson uses Ireland as a prime example. The British had suffered some 1,400 casualties in Ireland by 1921, a toll that the British government and people were no longer willing to tolerate in the interest of empire. British forces in Ireland found themselves overwhelmed because Lloyd George’s government had failed to adopt the advice of Winston Churchill, who called for the utilization of tanks and armoured cars (Ibid). Put simply, the British were content Name 3 to manage circumstances â€Å"on the cheap,† a convenience that cost them dearly in Ireland and would do so repeatedly in subsequent years. Perhaps the most telling sign that Great Britain’s imperial facade was cracking was the loss of its historic edge in naval power. Weapons technology had taken a turn against the Royal Navy during the war. U-boat

Meat packing industry Essay Example for Free

Meat packing industry Essay Introduction America’s fast food industry was founded by self made man who took risk, worked hard, some not even going to collage. Today the industry relies on a low-paid and unskilled workforce, where a handful are able to rise up the corporate ladder, while the vast majority lack fulltime employment, receive no benefits, and end up quitting after a few months. The fast food industry prospered over the last 30 years because minimum wage was lowered, marking was directed at children, federal agencies meant to protect workers and consumers ended up working for the companies, and corporations worked with congress to oppose laws that didn’t help them. The â€Å"American world view† is embodied in fast food because it takes advantage of those who don’t know any better. Chapter 1 The element of car based restaurants like the ones started in Southern California encouraged the spread of fast food because they had good food, became successful, and were very popular among young people. Chapter 2 Disney and Kroc were similar because they both used science to sell their products, made up famous mascots to sell products and both focused selling to kids. They were different because Disney founded his company, and Kroc bought his, they sold different products, and Kroc wasn’t involved in politics, while Disney was. Their companies cooperated when McDonald’s agreed to sell Disney toys and Disney agreed to allow McDonald’s in Disneyland. The fast food industry started with billboard ads to attract kids and evolved to adverting every where, from TV, to the internet, to school hallways. They also make the restaurants themselves fun for kids with play places and selling toys so they want to go more, and even as adults bring their own kids. Personally, I don’t think it is ethical to advertise in schools because it fast food is unhealthy and kids should be learning that, not that the burgers at McDonald’s get and A in taste. Chapter 3 Most employees of fast food restaurants ate teenagers because most are willing to work long hours with little pay. Fast food corporations relentlessly stop their workers from unionizing by doing things like integrating workers with information about a possible union with lie detectors, or closing locations with unions and opening new locations near by. Working conditions at fast food restaurants are unsafe. Typical dangers the employees face ate slips, fall, cuts, burns, and robberies. Problems are dealt with by increasing security with cameras or more parking lot lights. If I worked at a fast food restaurant and I injured my self, I might not tell my manager because I could loose my job because they could blame me for the injury. Chapter 4 The advantages of starting your own business is if it is successful, you could get a lot of money, not to mention you are your own boss so no one besides the government tells you how to run your business. The disadvantages are the business could be unsuccessful and you could loose a lot of money. The advantages of working for someone else are you do not have to make too many tough decisions. The disadvantages are you will not make as much money as your boss, and you may not like your boss for whatever reason. Some legal issues that fast food franchises have been involved in are the Coble’s Bill which makes franchises obey the principles other companies follow. The Subway fast food franchise was involved in the SBA which helps restaurants by giving them government funds. Subway got involved and made it so they would get extra money. Chapter 5 Family farms are disappearing because industry farms take all the business and close family farms because they have no one to sell to. there are only a few small potato farms left because industries take up all the land and business. The take-over of agricultural farms effects communities because local farms go out of business and communities become dependent on the corporate farm. Chapter 6 Development and fast food farms take land and effects cattle pastures because there is less land for the cattle to graze. Since most cowboys and ranchers have gone out of business, they have become irreverent in today’s culture. The government set up the Sherman Antitrust Act and a congressional investigation in the meet packing industry to help ranchers. Later, the Reagan administration allowed the top four meat packing firms to merge and they took over the cattle markets. Corporate domination affected family farms by forcing them to work for them or go out of business. Self-reliance is still a viable goal for Americans, but has become very difficult because of big corporations. The fast food industry makes chicken farmers work for them or they would get no business. In farm culture, the land is a tangible connection to the past, meant to be handed down and not sold. To native Americans, the land meant life and prosperity. In traditional Irish culture, the land is a link to past generations and to loose the land meant to fail your relatives. Their concept of land is similar to the American concept. Chapter 7 The demands of the fast food industry changed towns by making is so almost everyone ends up eating fast food because the industries are aloud to put their restaurants wherever they want and advertise as much as they want until the town’s economy runs on the fast food restaurants. Chapter 8 Meatpacking is dangerous because of the machines and rarely cleaned cutting tools. Since a meatpacking manager’s bonus is based in part on injury rate, many injuries go unreported and the worker is either given an easer job to takes time off to recover. Chapter 9 The meat packing and meat processing industry has been a spreader of disease because the animals are not screened well enough or sick workers spreading disease on the animals. After reading about the pathogens in hamburger meat, I am concerned about food poisoning in fast food. E. coli is not common in restaurant food, but is likely to be in hamburger meat. Chapter 10 Many Americans are obese because of lack of information and improper food laws. Fast food probably plays a big part in obesity because it provides unhealthy food to almost every where. Americans are probably more obese than other countries because fast food started here. Fast food companies increase the size of their meals to effect the calorie count look better for the per serving part. This effects American health because it is misguiding and you eat more than you thought you were going to. People in other countries do not want fast food because they have seen its effect on America. Epilogue The free market Schosser talks about leaves workers unprotected with little interference from the government. In the quote, Schosser is referring to the free market. I agree to what Schlosser says on 216. I believe the government needs to work harder to protect both the workers and consumers of fast food. At the end of the Epilogue, the author remedies his criticisms with the fact that it is a persons choice to eat want. Afterword Mad Cow disease is a disease that slowly destroys the brain and can be spread through hamburger meat. It can be controlled by feeding cows grass instead of corn and hormones, and inspecting the meat better. Cattle get infected by it because they stand in the dung of an effected cattle. It is a very serous threat to humans.

Issues Of Deviance And Social Control Sociology Essay

Issues Of Deviance And Social Control Sociology Essay Deviance is a term used by society to define behaviors that differ from the everyday social norm, this means that majority of people in a society must agree or conform to a certain action or behavior. In 1906, William Sumner came up with the concept to categorize norm into three different groups: folkways, mores, and laws. He defines folkway as the simple day-to-day norm which was based on customs, traditions and mannerisms. If one were not to follow the way of folkway norm it would probably cause others to believe that they are strange or abnormal but would not cause fury. Typical folkway norms include style of dressing, character, physical distance or closeness with others, and eating patterns. Moving on, mores are norms which reflect wide-ranging social ethics. Interracial marriage, having an illegitimate child, and abusing drugs and alcohol would violate the mores laws and would cause a havoc and produce more serious social denunciation. Being in an interracial marriage may make one seem racially impure, bearing an illegitimate child can threaten social definition of a marriage, and abusing or being addicted to drugs and alcohol shows victory of hedonism over prudence. Those who dont comply with mores norm may seem sinful, and set themselves up as a potential threat to society. Furthermore, the laws norm is the strongest custom out of the other two norms. This is because it is backed up by codified social approval. Those who infringe this norm are punished in ways ranging from a fine to imprisonment. Although one may break laws and regulations, it wouldnt necessarily label the offender as deviant. With this said, deviance and crime can respectively fall into one category. Consider this, if certain individual decides to burglarize or vandalize someones property, or even causing harm to another being, it considered both deviant and a crime. Also, there are many other deviant acts that are not considered criminal, such as being over or underweight, being physi cally or mentally handicapped, being in an interracial marriage, and having an illegitimate child. To restate a prior point, these can be considered deviant because although it is not considered a crime, it violates the norm accepted by society. With that said, we can consider crime and deviance as overlapping categorizes with its own individual magnitudes. Attitude, behavior, and condition are the ABCs of deviance. People may be labeled deviant based on their attitudes or belief system which includes religion, political views and beliefs in the supernatural. Having a mental sickness can also fall into the deviant category. The B in the deviant ABCs stands for behavior which people are the most familiar with. Deviant behavior can happen intentionally or unintentionally, for example, one might unintentionally violate a dress-code, or a couple may intentionally engage in bizarre sexual activities, or one may commit murder. Lastly, the C stands for condition. Those who are considered d eviant because of their condition probably acquired it from birth such as being born un-wealthy, being a person of color in a mainly Caucasian dominated community, being born physically handicapped, or being height deviant. In this case, the individual has done nothing wrong or taken any negative actions to be labeled deviant; this also makes it almost impossible to change their deviant status. Although some actions that an individual chooses to take will be universally labeled as deviant behavior, others are judged strictly based on social customs. Heckerts idea of positive deviance would primarily refer to engaging in less selfish actions and more devotion toward the society. Heckert has defined many different ways in which positive deviance is evitable such as altruism, pacifism, cooperation, temperance and many more. Altruism is one of the most cherished form of positive deviance because it brings out the loyalty. All the martyrs fall under this category as they sacrificed themselves for their nation and they can never be forgotten. Those who spread the sign of peace throughout the societies also fall under positive deviance such as Gandhi. Positive deviance is clearly evident in every community where certain individuals or groups are more successful than other when everyone has received same resources but the approaches were different. Positive deviance is how successfully a person, a group or a community move forward to a better future and creates an example for other. Societies require positive deviance so they could move on with the rest of the world. Example of positive deviance could be to move forward and stop child labor in developing countries and putting them in a school for education. Labeling theory which is also known as social reaction theory suggests that deviance is not an inherit to act instead its the people who obtain labels from how other view their tendency or behavior. Its the society that makes the criminals by keep being either unfair or by false accusations. Suppose a person does commit a crime under very difficult circumstances and later on gets the label of a criminal will have negative effect on his personality and this person will be always considered as a criminal. If the society has choose to consider a person dangerous for reasons such as past criminal record or the color of his/her skin than perhaps it wont be any harder next time for this person to commit crime. Our societies also look for auxiliary traits within a position or career. For example, a doctor is consider as an white male, upper middle class and more. On other hand, black people were more attached to criminal activities and those who turned out to be doctors were hard to believe by the society because they were never seen in that form. Basically , an individuals past action create or shape his/her future and this lacks the fairness in sense this person could have adopted better human traits. Students who study deviance should not make an assumption if the person is actually a criminal or broken rule because the process of labeling may not be infallible. According to the conflict perspective, deviance is a social creation and the power structure in any society defines what to be consider normal and what is not. So basically there is no such thing as human nature, hence deviance is the creation of the social structure rather than something build into our nature. On the other hand, functional deviance approach believes that its the majority members of the society who defines what is normal and what is not. Both approaches look at the society as a whole rather than on individual level. Conflict theory mainly defines societies made up of powerful or powerless. Powerful has no right to be in power but manipulates other convince public about their legitimacy. This can be related to Durkheims state of anomie. Anomie is the result of collective conscious being collapsed. In this situation, people tend to look away from fundamental social expectations and solely focus on their self-interest. The long term collapse of order and harmony in both approaches are harmful to the society. In conclusion, Human norms refer to the set behavioral standards on which human are supposed to act. Deviance is a study that helps understand the reason behind violation of human norms. There is not one particular answer that is enough to justify human norms violation, hence many sociological scholars have presented different set of theories that can help us understand deviance with broad perspectives. Some of the scholars that have played tremendous part in understanding deviance are Erikson, Hackerts and lastly the father of Sociology Emile Durkheim. Deviance will be present no matter how perfect the society is, as Durkheim explained about the society of saints which is perfect but the identification of deviance level would be so high that even smallest error can be regarded as a strong disapproval from the society.

Huckleberry Finn, a Book of Controversy :: essays papers

Huckleberry Finn, a Book of Controversy Since its publication over one hundred years ago, Mark Twain?s Huckleberry Finn has caused many disagreements and much controversy. The style and language used by Mark Twain is found as offensive to some, uplifting to others and yet bittersweet to me. All sides have strong arguments, ones that are educated and heartfelt. That is what makes it so difficult to decide whether to teach or read aloud Huckleberry Finn in the classroom. Opponents of the teaching, or usage, of Huckleberry Finn in the classroom say that they find the book despicable, ?trash? and other harsh adjectives. One of the main reasons they criticize the book is for the usage of racial slurs towards the African-American people, such as ?nigger.? They also claim that the author, Mark Twain, stereotypes Jim, an escaped African-American slave, as to be a fool with less intelligence than a fourteen-year-old Caucasian boy does. As John H. Wallace puts it, ?It [Huckleberry Finn] contributes to their [the African-American students] feelings of low self-esteem and to the white student?s disrespect for black people As you can see feelings of some are bitter towards the usage of Huckleberry Finn in the classroom. Proponents of the book claim that the book should be taught for several reasons, including the anti-slavery message of the book. In contrast to the opponents, David L. Smith writes, he [Mark Twain] portrays Jim [the escaping slave] as a compassionate, shrewd, thoughtful, self-sacrificing, and even a wise man.? Supporters also point out that Twain actually condemns white society of the day for their barbaric practice of slavery. Supporter, Kenny G. Williams, feels that the novel should be read, for it uncovers a basic historical reality, which is important for the advancement of equality. Now you can see how people?s positions on the usage of Huckleberry Finn vary greatly from on another. I have not yet read the book, yet through some research I have found that I more support the book than denounce it. I interviewed a dark skinned friend of mine, Sanjay Nakka, and he had a positive message. He said, ?The usage of this book [Huckleberry Finn] is quintessential to the acceptance of racial equality. Sometimes we need some controversy to bring a problem to light, where you can work on it, you know I also tend to lean towards his opinion, for I have heard strong arguments against the book, yet I have heard stronger, more heartfelt and educated arguments for the use of Huckleberry Finn in the classroom.