Internal Audit Example of Educational Institution

Internal Audit Example of Educational InstitutionInternal Auditing Cass Business crop mind 1Control Environment The attitude and actions of the get on and anxiety regarding the significance of manoeuver within the organization. The control environment provides the discipline and structure for the achievement of the prime objectives of the system of sexual control.List and discuss the methods that the charge of Cass Business School might use to encourage and develop an effective control environment.Cass Business School is one of the leading schools for business research in London. Being in a thriving cosmopolitan and commercial business totality, the school seems to have a strategic and business advantage and can test its theoretical approaches against practical realities. The school focuses on a rigorous research practice combined with a productive and dynamic relationship with business groups and academic organisations (Cass report 2005).In aras of finance, Cass Business S chool is known for its contributions to monetary markets, money and banking, real estate finance, investment funds and encounter management, strategy, innovation and entrepreneurship, Governance and pay, e-business, international business, voluntary sector management, pensions, life insurance, health insurance, reliability and dependability of computer based systems.In this discussion, we highlight the greatness of effective home(a) control that can provide discipline and structure for achievement of primary objectives within the organisation. The control environment of an organisation includes the following elementsorganisational structure.Managements philosophy and operating style.Integrity and ethical values.Assignment of authority and responsibility.Human resource policies and practices.Competence of personnel.The success of an organisation in developing an effective management structure depends largely on its mission, aims and objectives. The mission of the school is to car ry out multidisciplinary research in corporate governance issues which can be applicable at National, European and Global levels. The set of research objectives translated into research themes address specific dimensions of corporate governance process. Corporate governance and organisational performance are closely associated as interlocking of high level officials defining internal control substantially has an impact on the market performance of a come with.The operating style and call activities of the management of the school includeConducting funded research to produce scholarly publications and reports for policy makers and for practitioners recruiting post graduates and research students to research on various research themes in management organising workshops and conferences to promote and disseminate research findings within the schools RD department and also contributing to public debates on business strategies and Corporate Governance to advance the image and reputat ion of the schools research faculties. As a strategic plan of infrastructure development, the school replaced all previous methods of assessment of students by building a new central computerised database for IT management, and new infrastructure.Organisational structure and assignment of responsibility and authority to board members is a mechanism of internal control and appointment of executive and non-executive directors tend to have a direct impact on the market as the main hypothesis in this case is that since appointments are driven by the financial situation of the company, it is expected that market reactions would be positive to the appointment of non-executive directors to the board and negative for executive directors (Cass report, 2005).The market valuation of appointment of board members defining the control environment is an essential measure of governance and the balance spend a pennycard gives a detailed picture of the performance of a particular company and its u se in improving corporate and internal control environment of an organisation. For developing an effective control environment, a close knit board with a clear strategic approach can be remembered. apparent motion 2The chief canvas executive should effectively manage the internal audit drill to ensure it adds value to the organization. (Standard 2000)Critically discuss the potential benefits that internal auditing might bring to Cass Business School. You should consider both financial and non-financial benefits in your answer.Internal auditing has emerged as a distinct profession with its own philosophy, principles and practice. Managerial communities without internal audit systems also lack a proper operating control system (Beale and Bradford, 1993). To belittle work errors, impropriety as business organisations and to audit work omissions, internal auditing is necessary and standards for professional Practice of Internal Auditing have been established along with a code of ethi cs and statement of responsibilities for internal auditors. The chief audit executive determines the course of an audit system in an organisation.The business office of internal and external auditing in serving shareholders and board of directors in different communities has been highlighted in mergers and acquisitions as also the potential role of internal auditors in strategic management (Melville, 2003). There are significant changes in the roles and mission of external and internal auditors and in their activities in consultancy, risk management and governance to investigate the contributions of audit to organisations and stakeholders.The role of the external audit firms, including providing tax advice to clients as puff up as research into the implications of legislation and regulations are also important strategic considerations. Senior security management standards and effective peremptory of their IT infrastructure are issues within IT governance and drawing up a critical infrastructure. Research concerning internal audit results has to consider whether these results have any prophetic value relative to actual company outcomes. In this setting the internal auditors role in assessing and contributing to Corporate Social responsibleness (CSR) and sustainability are one of the mark issues for senior management. The focus of internal auditing has been redefined to address consultative, risk and assurance activities. The need for further research in these areas to evaluate actual and potential role of internal audit can be emphasised to understand its potential benefits (Ruskin and Estes, 1984). The financial benefits of internal auditing for Cass Business School are increase contributions to stakeholders and directors and purifyd epitome of mergers and acquisitions. The non-financial benefits include risk management analysis, corporate governance reports, predicting performance outcomes and effective control of IT and strategic management systems. Question 3The internal audit activity should assist the organization by identifying and evaluating significant exposures to risk and contributing to the improvement of risk management and control systems. (Standard 2110)List and describe the key risks in Cass Business Schools financial and non-financial systems.In its report on corporate governance and corporate performance, Cass Business School emphasised the linkages of governance and performance and examined the role of the board of directors in mitigating firms agency costs and also in creating shareholder value. The hypothesis put forward was that a large proportion of non-executive directors and chairman and chief executive officer will over-perform in terms of rates of return and stock returns whereas companies with boards dominated by insiders will tend to under-perform. Internal and external control mechanisms such as managerial ownership, bondholders, block ownership and market for corporate control have to be taken into consideration while measuring corporate performance and this is in the main reflected in annual reports of companies. Other constituents of corporate governance are important as are identification of the risks, roles and responsibilities of governance (Helliar et al, 2000). Risk management is at the centre of decision making processes in organisations at all levels and research into the different ways of assessing, managing and reporting risks within the organisations and reporting risks to outside stakeholders for achieving benefits is important within the context of management and board responsibilities.Hallikas et al (2002) provide a conceptual framework for risk analysis in networking for a company and note that to analyse and assess the risks associated with networking, either internal audit or computer aided cause and effect analysis can be used as tools for analysis of risks. Considering these factors, in the study of Cass Business School the key risks in financial and non- financial systems seem to be High and increasing tuition fees, increased competition from other schools, wakeless actions, and internal conflicts between members. However there is a risk management methodology and the Risk Management University Council has agreed to this risk management process.For several eld the University has scored the relevant risks for each risk management strategy as to impact and likelihood using a defined scale. The control environment around the high-scoring risks has been reviewed.Question 4Based on the results of the risk assessment, the internal audit activity should evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of controls encompassing the organizations governance, operations, and information systems.These includeReliability and legality of financial and operational information.Effectiveness and efficiency of operations.Safeguarding of assets.Compliance with laws, regulations, and contracts.(Standard 2120.A1)For each risk identified in Question 3, identif y the potential impact of control weaknesses and recommend appropriate controls that might reduce the impact of the threat. Give reasons for your recommendations.Within the Cass Business school management system, the annual report states that risk management Council has agreed to risk management methodology and processes and risks of the University are defined in the methodology. The University has reviewed its corporate risk register and has consolidated risks that have a high impact and likelihood score and has also reviewed the control environment for high scoring risks. The university council receives regular reports on progress of risk management implementation and within each school a risk register exists with each risk scored against a defined scale. There are future School plans to integrate risk reviews in the Universitys public management and planning process.Bainbridge and Paul (1986) have effectively related control objectives with internal audit systems. In case of ine ffective internal auditing, with unreliable financial information and flaws in accounting, complete transparency of financial data might help to overcome the weaknesses considerably. In case of inefficiency of operations and control, a strong escort management approach and board internal control is suggested. The measurement and appraisal of intangible assets, especially human capital as a key factor of wealth creation is a key objective for improving organisational effectiveness. Safeguarding of company or organisational assets is possible through stakeholder or director support as well as general corporate performance and in this case, the overall annual performance of the school which is required to show financial profits. Compliance with laws and regulations can improve credibility and appropriate company objectives and codes of ethics and practice as well as strict management guidelines should be put forward.BibliographyRelating audit and internal control objectives A missing step in specifying compliance tests Journal of bill Education, chroma 4, Issue 2, Autumn 1986, pageboys 63-74 D. Raymond Bainbridge, John W. PaulThe effects of information ramble and hypothesis-testing strategies on auditors judgments Accounting, Organizations and Society, Volume 14, Issues 5-6, 1989, Pages 471-479 Jane L. Butt, Terry L. CampbellChan, K. C. Chen, C. R. Steiner, T. L. Production in Finance Literature, Institutional Reputation, and Labor Mobility in Academia A Global Perspective, Financial Management, (2002) 31(4) pp131-156Risk analysis and assessment in network environments A dyadic case study International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 78, Issue 1, 1 July 2002, Pages 45-55 Jukka Hallikas, Veli-Matti Virolainen and Markku TuominenInternalization versus exteriorization of the internal audit function an examination of professional and organizational imperatives Accounting,Organizations and Society, Volume 26, Issues 7-8, October-November 2001, Pages 617- 641 Larry Rittenberg and Mark A. CovaleskiManaging the internal audit A practical handbook, by Ian Beale and Roy H Bradford (1993), Kogan Page Computer Law Security Report, Volume 9, Issue 4, July-August 1993, Page 154Internal vs. external IT audits or Mapping out a war zone? Computers Security, Volume 14, Issue 5, 1995, Pages 419-420 Doc Farmer and S. G. WarburgInternal AuditsMetal Finishing, Volume 98, Issue 11, November 2000, Pages 73-78 Leslie W. FlottEvidence of agency conflict among management, auditors, and the audit committee chair Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Volume 9, Issue 4, Winter 1990, Pages 271-292 Susan Haka and Peter ChalosUK AUDITORS PERCEPTIONS OF INHERENT RISK, The British Accounting Review, Volume 28, Issue 1, March 1996, Pages 45-72 CHRISTINE HELLIAR, BOB LYON, GARY S. MONROE, JULIANA NG and DAVID R. WOODLIFFMelville, R., (2003)The contribution of internal audit to corporate strategy.International Journal of Auditing Volume 7Issue 3Page 209 N ovember 2003M. Page and L. Spira, The Turnbull Report, Internal Control and Risk Management The Developing Role of Internal Audit, The base of leased Accountants of Scotland, Edinburgh (2004)The project management audit Its role and conduct Engineering Management International, Volume 2, Issue 4, July 1984, Pages 279-286 Arnold M. Ruskin, W. Eugene EstesSawyer, Lawrence B.Sawyers internal auditing the practice ofenlarged/Lawrence B. Sawyer, assited by Glenn.E. Sumners3rd edition, retitled, rev and enlAltamonte Springs, Fla Institute of Internal Auditors, 1988Sawyer, Lawrence B.Elements of management oriented auditing Institute of Internal Auditors Inc 1983Sawyer, Lawrence B.The practice of modern internal auditing / Lawrence B.Sawyer2nd ed. Rev. and enlAltamonte Springs, Fla Institute of Internal Auditors, 1981www.cass.city.uk